在“双碳”战略指引下，分布式光伏快速发展，大规模分布式光伏广域分散接入配电网，就地消纳压力增大，局部电网潮流反送、电压越限等问题频繁发生，亟需接入配电网的海量调节资源参与调控。近年来，以虚拟电厂为代表的资源聚合模式快速发展，但目前，虚拟电厂主要采用金融聚合的方式，未充分考虑电网结构的安全约束，难以保证出清结果的物理执行；部分虚拟电厂未实现与调度机构数据互通，仅以需求响应方式参与调节。针对上述问题，本文提出分布式资源群控站作为虚拟电厂物理聚合的新型解决方案，并围绕其关键技术展开四方面创新研究。（1）构建“电网-分布式资源群控站-可控资源集群”三级协同调控架构，结合5G技术设计经济可靠的一体化通信网络，嵌入通信质量约束，建立考虑通信可靠性的站域调度模型；考虑通信质量约束的强非凸非线性，提出基于信噪比分段线性的求解方法，实现通信与物理系统耦合的高效协同优化。（2）提出基于改进多参数规划的多时段耦合可行域计算方法，构建分布式资源群控站等值降维模型，实现站域分布式可调资源的高效聚合，支撑分布式资源群控站与主网的协同运行，相比传统分解协调以及基于典型运行方式的枚举法，所提可行域计算方法以更高的协同效率保障更优的优化精度。（3）在聚合站域可调资源形成对外等值可行域的基础上，提出分布式资源群控站参与调峰、调频等辅助服务市场的优化竞价策略，提升经济收益。针对日前能量与灵活调峰联合市场，构建考虑站域新能源不确定性的鲁棒随机优化模型，并提出基于Γ-鲁棒参数的线性化求解算法；针对实时能量与调频联合市场，根据一次调频特性曲线优化决策分布式资源群控站调频容量。（4）选取分布式高渗透地区开展试点工程应用，开发源荷储边云协同调控平台，改造站内资源采集与通信系统，实践其在调峰、调压、调频等业务中的支撑作用，有效验证了分布式资源群控站的工程可行性和推广价值。本文的研究为分布式资源的高效聚合、安全调控及市场化运营提供了新思路，对提升电力系统灵活调节能力和安全运行水平具有重要意义。
Under the guidance of the "dual carbon goals" strategy, the installed capacity of distributed photovoltaics has grown rapidly. Large-scale distributed photovoltaic is mainly connected to low-voltage distribution networks in a wide-area decentralized fashion, and the pressure of local consumption increases. The problems such as power flow reversal and voltage overrun in local power grids occur frequently, and it is urgent to optimize the massive distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate in the power grid regulation and control. In recent years, the resource aggregation model governed by virtual power plants (VPPs) has developed rapidly, and the system adjustment capacity has been improved by aggregating various types of flexible adjustable resources. However, at present, VPPs are operated on a major basis of financial aggregation, which does not fully consider the security constraints of the internal power grid infrastructures, and it is difficult to ensure the physical implementation of the market-clearing bids. Some VPPs do not realize data exchange with dispatch operators, and only participate in power grid regulation in a demand-response manner.In order to solve the aforementioned problems, this paper proposes a new solution to distributed resource aggregation of virtual power plants, and carries out four innovative research highlights on its key technologies.(1) A trilevel collaborative control architecture of "power grid-DER group control station-controllable resource cluster" is constructed. We design an economical and reliable integrated communication network based on 5G communication technology, embed communication quality constraints. A station domain scheduling model is established considering communication reliability. Due to the strong nonconvex nonlinearity of communication quality constraints, a solution method based on signal-to-noise ratio interval linearization is proposed to realize the efficient collaborative optimization of the coupling between communication and physical systems.(2) A multi-time coupling security region calculation method based on improved multi-parameter linear programming (MPLP) is proposed, and an equivalent dimensionality reduction model of DER group control stations is constructed to realize the efficient aggregation of endogenous distributed adjustable resources and support the collaborative operation of DER group control stations and the bulk power grid. Compared with the traditional decomposition coordination and the enumeration method based on typical operation modes, the proposed security region calculation method ensures better optimization accuracy with higher coordination efficiency.(3) On the basis of aggregating the adjustable resources of the station domain to form the external equivalent security region, an optimal bidding strategy of DER group control stations participating in the multi-type auxiliary service markets such as flexible ramping product and primary frequency regulation is proposed to improve the economic benefits. In view of the joint market of day-ahead energy and flexible ramping, a robust stochastic optimization model considering the uncertainty of renewable energy in the station domain is constructed, and a linearization algorithm based on Γ-robust parameters is proposed. For the joint market of real-time energy and primary frequency regulation, the frequency regulation capacity of the DER group control station is optimized and decided according to the primary frequency regulation characteristic curve.(4) The pilot engineering application was carried out in the area of high-penetration of renewable energy. The generation-load-storage-edge-cloud collaborative control platform was developed, the resource collection and communication system in the station was transformed, and its supporting role in flexible ramping, voltage and frequency regulation and other ancillary services was practiced. We effectively verified the engineering feasibility and popularization and application value of the DER group control station.The research achievements in this paper could provide new ideas for the efficient aggregation, reliable regulation and market-oriented operation of distributed resources, and is of great significance for improving the flexible adjustment ability and secure operation of power systems.
