里德堡原子阵列作为新型量子信息处理平台，在可编程量子模拟与量子计算领域展现出独特优势。本论文基于自主搭建的中性原子里德堡阵列实验系统，研究了该平台实现高保真度可编程量子多体动力学演化的调控方法及其在量子信息处理中的应用。基于“演化即计算” 的研究范式，探索了在中等规模含噪声量子时代利用有限调控资源实现专用计算的技术路径。作为参与平台建设最早的学生，作者全程参与了平台设计和搭建。作为国内建成的里德堡原子阵列平台之一，开展了多项强关联多体动力学的模拟。在实验调控能力方面，学习并吸收了国际主流方案，自主开发动静结合光镊架构与多维度反馈机制，解决了原子阵列的三大技术问题：基于空间光调制器的大规模均匀阵列生成、自适应重排算法实现可编程无缺陷阵列、多重冷却技术降低原子温度达成近振动极限。实验系统成功制备百原子量级无缺陷阵列，关键调控指标达到国际前列：2 min 原子寿命、μK 量级原子温度、2.5 MHz 基态-里德堡态拉比振荡及20 μs 相干时间，结合可调控里德堡相互作用，为高度可控的多体量子动力学研究奠定实验基础。针对量子模拟受限于本征哈密顿量的问题，基于基态-里德堡态二能级编码方案，本文提出新型映射方法，将Ising 模型的模拟拓展至铁磁相互作用区间，通过绝热演化方法，实现了系统基态的制备和二维参数相图的扫描。哈密顿量在近邻阻塞区间简化为PXP 模型，通过选择性激发的初态制备，演示了不同初态的淬火动力学过程，包括激发传播与碰撞等典型现象，验证了平台在强关联量子物态研究中的独特价值。针对模拟量子系统的测量局限，提出数字模拟混合系统拓展方案：开发粒子寻址激发与时间反演构造技术，实现交错时序关联函数（out-of-time-order correlators,OTOC）等非传统可观测量的测量。以PXP 模型中量子疤痕态的反常量子信息混合为例，展示了上述测量工具在研究多体热化及遍历性破缺中的应用，并首次观测到理论预言的信息传播抑制以及光锥中的持续信息振荡现象。
Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as a novel quantum information processing platform, demonstrating distinctive advantages in programmable quantum simulation and quantum computing. Based on a self-built experimental system of neutral-atom Rydberg arrays, this thesis investigates high-fidelity programmable quantum many-body dynamics evolution on this platform. Guided by the “evolution as computation” paradigm, weexplore technical pathways for implementing specialized computational applications with constrained quantum control resources in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era.As the earliest PhD student involved in the platform construction, the author participated in the entire process of platform design and setup. As one of Rydberg atom array qauntum platforms built domestically, it has conducted multiple simulations of strongly correlated many-body dynamics.In experimental control capabilities, our work adapts and builds upon globally established methodologies to independently develop an innovative hybrid static-dynamic optical tweezer architecture featuring multidimensional feedback mechanisms. This advancementovercomes three critical challenges in atom array preparation: large-scale homogeneous array generation via spatial light modulators (SLM), programmable defectfree array generation enabled by adaptive rearrangement algorithms, and near-motionalground-state atomic temperatures achieved through multistage cooling protocols. The implemented system demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in key metrics: 2 min atomic lifetime, μK-scale thermal stability, 2.5 MHz ground-Rydberg Rabi oscillation frequency, and 20 μs coherence time. When combined with tunable Rydberg interactions, these capabilities provide a robust experimental platform for exploring highly controlled many-body quantum dynamics.To address the limitations imposed by intrinsic Hamiltonian constraints in quantum simulation, we propose a novel mapping approach based on the ground-Rydberg two-level encoding scheme, extending the simulation of the Ising model to the ferromagnetic regime. Utilizing the adiabatic evolution method, we achieve the preparation of the ground state and the scanning of the two-dimensional phase diagram. The Hamiltonian is simplified to the PXP model in the regime of nearest-neighbor blockade. Through selective excitation preparation, we demonstrate the quench dynamics of different initial states, including excitation propagation and collision phenomena, thereby validating the unique value of the platform in the study of strongly correlated quantum states. Addressing the measurement limitations in analog quantum simulators, we propose a digital-analog hybrid scheme that incorporates site-resolved excitation and time-reversal evolution techniques. This enables the measurement of non-conventional observables such as out-of-time-order correlators (OTOC). Taking the anomalous quantum information scrambling in quantum many-body scar states of the PXP model as an example, we demonstrate the application of these measurement tools in studying many-body thermalization and ergodicity breaking. For the first time, we experimentally observe the theoretically predicted phenomenon of the persistent information oscillations with the suppressed light cones.
