原子时标是由“原子秒”积累起来的时间标尺。采用间歇运行的基准钟驾驭连续运行的守时钟产生连续、准确、稳定的标准时间和标准频率，是原子时标研究的核心内容。近年来，光钟的系统不确定度已经远优于铯原子喷泉钟，国际计量局正在推进基于光频跃迁重新定义国际单位制秒。以光钟作为基准钟驾驭本地时标，不仅有望提升本地时标的性能，也是秒定义变更的条件之一。本论文以中国计量科学研究院研制的锶原子光钟NIM-Sr1为基础，开展了锶光钟驾驭氢钟产生高性能本地时标的理论、方法和实验研究，提升了本地时标的性能，为秒定义变更的实现及其未来应用进行了基础性和前瞻性研究。通过对守时钟噪声分析和建模，仿真研究了光钟驾驭策略和守时钟噪声对时标性能的限制。测量了氢钟的频率稳定度，研究了守时钟噪声参数估计方法，评估了氢钟的噪声模型。仿真证明通过优化光钟驾驭策略和发展优异中短期频率稳定度的光频守时钟，可以有效提升本地时标的性能。提出了光钟驾驭氢钟运行策略的优化方法：单次测量平均值的不确定度达到氢钟闪烁噪声平台，在此基础上将运行时间均匀分配。分析证明了该优化方法可以有效降低Dick效应的影响并提升时标的精准度。探究了光钟参与驾驭国际原子时的方法，分析了NIM-Sr1测量氢钟频率的各项不确定度，明确其不确定度主要受氢钟噪声的限制。开展了纸面时标计算和频率预测算法优化的研究，实验验证了驾驭方法的可靠性和准确性。通过对NIM-Sr1与氢钟比对数据的后处理，生成了纸面时标，以UTC为参考评估纸面时标的时间偏差峰峰值小于2 ns。针对光钟运行易长时间中断的问题，提出了综合卡尔曼滤波和加权最小二乘拟合优势的频率预测算法，利用光晶格钟优异的频率稳定度和氢钟频率的长期可预测性，提高了对氢钟频率预测的准确度并保证了驾驭算法的鲁棒性。提出缩短线性拟合区间，提高算法动态性，更适合有足够光钟测量数据点的驾驭情况。开展了NIM-Sr1实时驾驭氢钟连续产生6个月本地物理时标TS(Sr1)的研究，实现了优于现有时标的驾驭结果。设计搭建了NIM-Sr1实时驾驭氢钟产生TS(Sr1)的自动化系统，实现了对光钟与氢钟比对状态的监测、测量数据的自动化处理以及氢钟频率的周期性预测和控制。TS(Sr1)在6个月内相对于UTC的时间偏差峰峰值仅1.8 ns，比现有时标UTC(NIM)的性能提升1倍。

Atomic time scale is established through the accumulation of "atomic seconds". The focal point of atomic time scale research lies in generating continuous, accurate and stable standard time and frequency by steering continuous timekeeping clocks with intermittent reference clock. In recent years, the systematic uncertainty of the best optical clock has been orders of magnitude superior to that of the cesium fountain clock. The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is pushing to redefine the SI second based on optical frequency transitions. Steering the local time scale to optical clocks is not only expected to improve the performance of local time scale, but also one of conditions for the redefinition of the second. This thesis performs systematic research on generating a high-performance local time scale by steering a hydrogen maser with strontium optical lattice clock based on NIM-Sr1 optical lattice clock of the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), which is conducive to the realization and application of the new SI second definition. The analysis and modeling of the timekeeping chock’s noise were carried out, and the limitation of optical clock’s operational strategies and the timekeeping chock’s noise on the time scale performance was studied. The frequency stability of the hydrogen maser was measured and its noise parameters were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the performance of local time scale could be improved by optimizing the operational strategy of optical clocks and developing the optical timekeeping clock with excellent short and medium frequency stability, through simulation study. The suitable operational strategy of the optical lattice clock was proposed. It was suggested to divide the total uptime evenly on the basis that the statistical uncertainty of the average value of a single measurement reaches the flicker floor of the hydrogen maser’s frequency stability. It was demonstrated that this operational strategy could reduce the Dick effect and improve the accuracy of time scale effectively. In addition, the method of contributions to International Atomic Time (TAI) with optical clocks was explored. The uncertainty for measuring the hydrogen maser frequency with NIM-Sr1 was analyzed and evaluated. It shown that the uncertainty was mainly limited by the noise of hydrogen maser.The calculation of paper time scale and the optimization of frequency prediction algorithm were studied. And the reliability of the steering method was verified. Paper time scales based on the optical clock were generated by post-processing the measured frequency difference between NIM-Sr1 and the hydrogen maser. The peak-to-peak time difference of paper time scales compared to UTC was evaluated, which is less than 2 ns. Aiming at the problem of optical clock’s irregular operation, a composite frequency prediction algorithm combining Kalman filtering (KF) and weighted least squares fitting (WLSF) was designed leveraging the optical clock’s ability to accurately measure the hydrogen clock frequency in a shorter time and the long-term predictability of the hydrogen maser. The improved frequency prediction algorithm was robust and improved the accuracy of frequency prediction. Moreover, it was proposed to shorten the WLSF interval, improve the algorithm’s dynamic, and make it more suitable for steering with sufficient optical clock measurement data points.A 6 month-long real-time physical time scale TS(Sr1) has been generated by steering a hydrogen maser to NIM-Sr1. To accomplish this, a system for real-time steering of the hydrogen maser with NIM-Sr1 was established to generate the physical time scale. And a dedicated automation system with hardware and software was developed to monitor the operation status of NIM-Sr1, process the measurement data, and periodically predict the hydrogen maser frequency. The performance of TS(Sr1) was evaluated through the time comparison link of UTC(NIM). The peak-to-peak time difference of TS(Sr1) compared to UTC is 1.8 ns within 6 months, which means that the time fluctuation of TS(Sr1) is half that of UTC(NIM).