全球气候危机迫在眉睫，遏制变暖刻不容缓。为了破解气候治理之困，学者视角逐渐从宏观减碳转向个体层面。当前个人减碳研究聚焦于减碳技术与低碳行为，但个人减碳技术成熟度有限，难以对气候目标形成有效支撑。加之低碳行为与个体需求常相冲突，发展受阻。鉴于此，本文创新性地提出“低碳智能人体电网”概念，旨在通过协同人身上的源、网、荷、储和通信，达到兼顾人体需求和节能减碳的目标。本文核心工作涵盖：1）提出了人体电网的概念，基于个人减碳技术路径的发展需求，论证了其必要性。随后，归纳了人体电网的四个独有特征，并描述了其基本架构和运行机制。进而，深入探讨了实现过程中可能遭遇的关键技术障碍与挑战，并提出了一系列结合人体电网特性的解决方案与思路。最后，展望了人体电网的广阔应用前景及其对减碳目标的潜在贡献。2）为实证人体电网的能源分配能力与节能优势，设计并搭建了穿戴式人体电网原型机，并提出了一种需求导向的能源管理策略。通过室内外实验，验证了人体电网能够利用内部协同匹配人体多种需求，优化能源调度，克服续航“木桶效应”；利用外部协作，把空间用能收缩到个体，展现出显著的节能与降本效果。3）针对人体电网并网功率瓶颈，提出了人体电网聚合概念以及定点共享的商业模式。基于便携式人体电网的原型机，构建了融合直流电网与地铁交通网的人体电网聚合框架，并提出了光伏优化布局方案与双层能源管理策略。通过单日运行模拟，验证了人体电网聚合在城市应用的可行性和可靠性。4）探讨了人体电网及其聚合规模化应用对全球碳减排、低碳经济、能源获取及能源贫困问题的广泛影响。通过引入室内冷度时和热度时等参数，全面评估了穿戴式人体电网在全球电力制冷制热领域的节能减碳效益；同时，基于不同部署情景，分析了人体电网聚合商业模式的低碳性、可持续性；并验证了其在缓解户外热应激、增强能源获取及降低能源贫困等方面的积极作用；最后，针对城市特性，为各利益相关者提供了具体的聚合部署建议。综上所述，人体电网从终端用户的视角提出了自下而上的能源转型方案，为个人减碳提供了可行路径。本文旨在激发各界对人体电网的持续兴趣与研究热情，共同推动其技术进步与广泛应用，为全球碳中和目标贡献力量。
Combating climate change requires decarbonization efforts at all levels, ranging from the macroscopic scale down to the individual human scale. Despite numerous carbon reduction initiatives, such as integrating large-scale distributed energy resources into the grid, limiting global warming to 2°C remains unachievable. Considering the vast global population and human-initiated energy use scenarios, the potential of individual carbon reduction and its bottom-up impact have garnered increasing academic and industrial interest. However, the inadequate maturity of individual carbon reduction technologies can hardly contribute to urgent climate mitigation. Moreover, the goal of reducing the individual human-scale carbon footprint does not always align with individual priorities, hindering the development of body-scale carbon reduction. To address these challenges, this dissertation introduces the concept of a low-carbon smart body grid (referred to as body grid), which facilitates substantial carbon reduction through synergizing energy harvesting, storage and consumption around the human body according to individual needs. This system can reduce the individual carbon footprint and contribute to broader urban energy transitions.Reviewing the technology pathways to achieve the vision of carbon neutrality, the body grid fills the gap with the energy internet for mobile end users by converting individuals into energy prosumers. Compared with existing power systems, the body grid is irreplaceable with four unique features: life-energy-information interactivity, wearability and mobility, autonomous synergy between production and consumption, and platform-based customizability. Key technical challenges are discussed in the main areas in relation to the objectives and the architecture of the body grid. The dissertation also explores the potential applications of the body grid across various scenarios, from personal use to border energy systems, and provides an estimation of its carbon reduction capabilities.To validate the energy e?iciency and carbon savings of the body grid, a wearable body grid prototype was built alongside a novel need-oriented energy management strategy (EMS), designed to optimize energy allocation based on individual needs. Experimental results demonstrate the capacity of the body grid to reduce energy consumption and enhance thermal comfort in both indoor and outdoor environments. The synergy mechanism between the body grid and external energy systems is explored, revealing that the cooperation between the body grid and indoor heating systems can achieve up to 69.6% energy savings and 70.0% cost reduction.Considering the insu?icient power level of the body grid for interaction with the power grid, the potential of body grid aggregations (BGAs) and their corresponding sharing business model are discussed. This dissertation introduces a design and prototype of a portable body grid and outlines an urban BGA framework combining local direct current grid and the metro transportation network. Based on a photovoltaic reconfiguration method and a 2-layer EMS, this framework can leverage flexible photovoltaic panels, batteries, cooling devices to optimize power balance, supply satisfaction, and cost within the aggregators. For different demand clusters, the BGA has unmet demand only in case of excessive lending volume, demonstrating its feasibility for urban application.The large-scale application of the body grid and BGA positively impacts global carbon reduction, low-carbon economics, energy accessibility, and energy poverty. Using heating degree hours (HDH) and cooling degree hours (CDH) variation, the energy consumption decrease by the wearable body grid is assessed. The annual global energy savings of up to 50% for space cooling and heating. Through evaluating the economics of BGA embedded in the urban energy and transportation network at three levels of deployment saturation, positive net price values with a lending price set at 1% of the minimum hourly wage prove the BGA’s profitability while providing renewable energy services. In improving energy access and alleviating energy poverty for low-income groups, the BGA can reduce outdoor per capita CDH by 93.8%, significantly alleviating heat stress and enhancing outdoor energy accessibility. Integrating the Gini index into the time cost calculation reveals that the BGA is the most economical choice for the lowest 14.5% income group and 91.4% of the income group if thermal comfort is necessary. Finally, a deployment plan tailored to the characteristics of the city is analyzed for stakeholders to implement BGA.In summary, the body grid offers an end-user perspective to resolve dilemmas in the energy sector. The development of the body grid requires progress across multiple fields and collaboration. The dissertation calls for further research and development to enable the widespread adoption of the body grid, contributing significantly to carbon neutrality.
