时间知觉作为人类感知世界的重要能力，包括对时间流逝速度的感知（时间流逝感）和时间长度的感知（时长知觉）。已有研究表明，情绪状态会影响时间知觉，其中情绪效价是关键影响因素，然而情绪效价影响时间知觉的具体认知机制尚不明确。本研究旨在系统考察情绪效价对时间流逝感和时长知觉的影响及其认知机制，聚焦以下核心问题：1. 情绪效价是否及如何在不同时间尺度下影响时间流逝感？2. 情绪效价是否及如何影响时长知觉？3.情绪效价对时间流逝感与时长知觉（估计时长/感受时长）的影响存在怎样的差异？为解答这些问题，本研究构建了时间期望模型，并通过五项研究（含18个子研究）对模型进行了验证。研究一借助自然语言处理技术分析了微博中情绪与时间流逝感的关系，结果表明消极情绪与慢时间流逝感呈正相关，积极情绪则相反。研究二结合经验采样法与多元元分析，证实了时速期望中介情绪效价对时间流逝感的影响，且该效应主要存在于较短时间尺度（当前、分钟级、小时级）。 研究三通过元分析发现仅消极情绪引发了微弱的时长高估。结合生物电信号的行为实验进一步显示情绪刺激虽成功诱发了个体的情绪和生理唤醒，但未发现二者对时长知觉的影响。研究四发现时长期望可调节情绪效价对时长知觉中感受时长（而非估计时长）的影响。研究五发现情绪效价对时间流逝感和感受时长的影响更大，而对估计时长则仅存在微弱影响。不仅如此，时间流逝感与时长知觉可以双向预测，但时间流逝感主要与感受时长有关。本研究的主要贡献包括：1.提出并验证了时间期望模型，阐明了时速期望在情绪效价与时间流逝感之间跨时间尺度的中介机制，以及时长期望对情绪效价影响估计时长的调节机制。2.区分了时长知觉的两个类别，即感受时长和估计时长，并明确了感受时长对情绪效价的敏感性。3.揭示了情绪对时间知觉类型的影响存在差异的现象，强调情绪效价主要作用于时间流逝感和感受时长，而对估计时长的影响微弱。同时，发现时间流逝感与时长知觉中的感受时长而非估计时长存在显著关联，为时间认知的分类理论提供了实证支持。 通过一系列的研究，本论文提出并验证了情绪-时间知觉的时间期望模型，明确了情绪效价对时间流逝感和时长知觉的影响及其机制，为理解情绪与时间知觉之间的关系提供了新的理论视角及实证支持。

Time perception, a fundamental human ability for understanding the world, encompasses the sense of time passing (i.e., the perceived speed of time) and duration perception (i.e., the perceived length of time). Previous research has shown that emotional states influence time perception, with emotional valence being a key factor. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying the influence of emotional valence on time perception remain unclear. This study aims to systematically investigate how emotional valence affects both the sense of time passing and duration perception, as well as the mechanisms involved. It focuses on the following core questions: 1. Does emotional valence influence the sense of time passing across different time scales, and if so, how? 2. Does emotional valence influence duration perception, and if so, how? 3. How do the effects of emotional valence differ between the sense of time passing and duration perception (feeling of duration/estimation of duration)?To address these questions, this study proposes a time expectation model and validates it through five studies comprising 18 sub-studies. Study 1 utilizes natural language processing techniques to analyze the relationship between emotions and the sense of time passing in Weibo tweets. The results indicate that negative emotions are associated with a slower sense of time passing, whereas positive emotions are associated with a faster sense of time passing. Study 2 combines the experience sampling method with multivariate meta-analysis, demonstrating that time speed expectation mediates the relationship between emotional valence and the sense of time passing. This effect is primarily observed at short time scales (i.e., present moment, minute-level, and hour-level). Study 3 conducts a meta-analysis and finds that only negative emotions induce a weak duration overestimation effect. However, behavioral experiments incorporating physiological measures reveal that while emotional stimuli successfully elicit individuals' emotional and physiological arousal, they do not significantly impact duration perception. Study 4 reveals that duration expectation moderates the effect of emotional valence on the feeling of duration but does not significantly affect the estimation of duration. Study 5 indicates that emotional valence primarily influences the sense of time passing and the feeling of duration, whereas its effect on the estimation of duration is weak. Furthermore, the sense of time passing and duration perception can predict each other bidirectionally, with the sense of time passing primarily associated with the feeling of duration.The main contributions of this study are as follows: 1. Proposal and validation of the time expectation model. This study introduces and empirically validates a time expectation model, clarifying the mediating role of time speed expectation across different time scales in the relationship between emotional valence and the sense of time passing, as well as the moderating role of duration expectation in the effect of emotional valence on estimation of duration. 2. Clarification of subtypes within duration perception. This study differentiates between the feeling of duration and the estimation of duration, revealing that the feeling of duration is more sensitive to emotional valence, thereby refining the conceptual understanding of duration perception. 3. Differentiation of emotional effects on time perception. The findings demonstrate that emotional valence primarily affects the sense of time passing and feeling of duration, while its effect on duration estimation is relatively limited. Moreover, the sense of time passing is significantly associated with the feeling of duration, but not with duration estimation, providing empirical support for a more nuanced categorization of time perception.Through a series of studies, this dissertation proposes and validates a time expectation model of emotion-time perception, clarifying the effects and underlying cognitive mechanisms of emotional valence on the sense of time passing and duration perception. The findings provide a new theoretical perspective and empirical support for understanding the relationship between emotion and time perception.