本文所聚焦的问题是唐代宦官群体内部权力结构，在各个关键时刻的变化及其与皇权之间的关系。中宗与睿宗时期政变频繁，玄宗试图限制太子、宗室与外戚之权，以彻底解决此问题。安史之乱使肃宗摆脱了玄宗的制约，并利用李辅国制衡玄宗系的文臣武将，为唐后期权宦崛起提供了契机。宝应宫变后，玄宗系宦官遭到弃用，宦官内部权力结构发生了重大转变。德宗受到泾源兵变启示，主动强化内侍系统，重用东宫宦官掌控神策军，并特选东宫宦官支持储君，这一举措为日后宦官内部冲突埋下了伏笔。永贞革新以李忠言为首东宫宦官，与先帝留下的权宦俱文珍、薛盈珍等立场不合，矛盾初现。加之德宗精简内侍官僚，宦官能晋升者寥寥无几。宪宗朝又延续这一秩序，东宫宦官长据要职，导致中下层宦官不满。穆宗朝以降，宫廷动乱频发，作乱者多为中低阶宦官。同时皇帝为嗣君所选的东宫宦官也遭到其他宦官的抑制，最终导致当朝权宦选立十六王宅宗室诸王为帝。可见晚唐宫廷事件频发与帝位继承动荡，实际上与宦官内部的冲突密切相关。从官阶秩序可以俯瞰宦官内部的发展。德宗时期的内侍官阶十分明确，职散官阶对应格局清晰，其中高阶内侍神策军中尉，对应正三品武职事、三品武散官；中尉副使对应到正三品职事、从三品武散官，以此类推。达成职散官阶对应格局的条件之一是官僚人数十分精简，这间接压缩了中下阶宦官的生存空间，导致上下层之间的矛盾加剧。甘露之变后，宦官权势更炽，继文宗之后的武宗虽欲有所作为，然亦无力收回神策军权柄，从而以内侍官阶来遏制宦官权势的滋长，实施职散官阶秩序改革，规定了内侍散官阶不得超过三品，使职事官获取难度增加，有效限制内侍官僚的晋升通道。官阶改革揭示了皇权与宦官关系的变化，作为天子家奴的宦官，常扮演着“皇权工具”角色来制约南衙与藩镇势力；而随着从家奴转变为内大臣后，宦官反而不受皇帝的控制。这使得皇帝通过提拔中低阶内诸司使（宣徽使）与官阶改革，来限制内大臣的权力扩张。皇帝难以解决宦官的关键在于，宦官内部“同”的关系网络复杂。宦官通过“同门”“同辈”等纽带，建立了深厚的关系网，这种“同”的关系网，成为宦官群体凝聚力的核心，不仅促进了他们之间的政治支持，在内部也形成一套规则明确的政治秩序，是宦官得以专权的要素。皇帝最初利用家奴制衡外部势力，甘露之变后转而通过限制内侍官阶与提升宣徽使地位，以控制宦官群体的发展。皇帝与宦官关系的演变，正是推动宦官权力结构转变的关键动力。

The study focuses on the relationship between eunuchs and imperial power in the Tang Dynasty, emphasizing the transformation of the power structure within the eunuch group at critical moments. During the reigns of Emperor Zhongzong （中宗） and Ruizong （睿宗）, there were frequent coups, and Xuanzong （玄宗） tried to limit the power of the crown prince, the royal family, and the relatives of the emperor to completely solve the problem. The An-Shi Rebellion allowed Suzong （肃宗） to break free from constraints of Xuanzong （玄宗）, and to raise Li Fuguo （李辅国） to restrain civil and military officials belonging to Xuanzong （玄宗）, providing an opportunity for the rise of powerful eunuchs in the late Tang Dynasty. After the Baoying Palace Coup （宝应宫变）, Xuanzong's （玄宗） eunuchs were abandoned, and the power structure within the eunuchs underwent a major transformation. Inspired by the Jingyuan Mutiny （泾原兵变）, Dezong （德宗） took the initiative to strengthen the internal servant system, reused the eunuchs of the Eastern Palace to control the Shen Ce Army （神策军）, and specially selected the eunuchs of the Eastern Palace for the crown prince. This move laid the groundwork for future conflicts within the eunuchs.During the Yongzhen Reform （永贞革新）, the eunuchs of the Eastern Palace headed by Li Zhongyan （李忠言） disagreed with the powerful eunuchs left by the previous emperor, such as Ju Wenzhen （俱文珍） and Xue Yingzhen （薛盈珍）, conflicts beginning to emerge. In addition, Dezong （德宗） streamlined the eunuch bureaucracy, therefore few eunuchs were able to be promoted. Xianzong’s regime continued this order, and the eunuchs of the Eastern Palace trusted by the emperor were quickly promoted and occupied important positions for a long time, which led to dissatisfaction among eunuchs at the middle and lower state. Since the Muzong’s （穆宗） regime, court turmoil had occurred frequently, and most of the rioters are middle and low-state eunuchs. At the same time, the eunuchs of the Eastern Palace selected by the emperor for the successor were also suppressed by other eunuchs, which eventually led to the powerful eunuchs who controlled the government selecting the royal prince from the Sixteen Royal Residences (十六王宅) as emperor. It appears that the frequent court events in the late Tang Dynasty and the turmoil in the succession to the throne are closely related to the conflicts within the eunuchs.From the perspective of the official rank order, we can see the development of the eunuchs. The official ranks of eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Dezong （德宗） were very clear, and the correspondence between official and scattered official ranks was the same. Among them, high-ranking eunuchs, such as the lieutenant of the Shen Ce Army （神策军中尉）, corresponded to the third-rank military official （正三品武职事） and the third-rank military official （正三品武散官）; the lieutenant deputy envoy （中尉副使） corresponded to the third-rank official （正三品职事） and the third-rank military official （从三品武散官）, and so on. After the Ganlu Incident, the eunuchs became more powerful. Although Wuzong （武宗）, who succeeded Emperor Wenzong （文宗）, wanted to make difference, he was unable to take back the power of the Shen Ce Army （神策军）. Wuzong （武宗） turned to the official ranks of eunuchs to curb the growth of eunuch power. By implementing the reform of the official rank order, it was stipulated that the official rank of eunuchs should not exceed the third rank, which greatly increased the difficulty of official promotion and effectively restricted the promotion channels of eunuch bureaucrats. The official rank reform revealed the changes in the relationship between imperial power and eunuchs. As the "house slaves （家奴）" of the emperor, eunuchs often played the role of "imperial power tools" to restrain the power of the Nanya （南衙） and the vassal states; with the transformation from "house slaves （家奴）" to "inner ministers （内大臣）", eunuchs were not under the control of the emperor. This enabled the emperor to limit the expansion of the power of the "Inner Grand Chancellor （内大臣）" by promoting middle and low-state internal officials (Xuanhuishi 宣徽使) and reforming official ranks.The key to the emperor's difficulty in solving the eunuchs' monopoly of power lies in the complex network of "same" relationships among the eunuchs. The eunuch group has established a deep network of relationships through ties such as "fellow （同门）", "same generation （同辈）", and "same character generation （同字辈）". This "same" network of relationships has become the core of the cohesion of the eunuch group. It not only promotes political support among them, but also forms a set of clear rules and political order within their group, which is the element that enables the eunuchs to monopolize power. The emperor initially used "house slaves （家奴）" to check and balance external forces. After the Ganlu Incident, he turned to restricting the rank of eunuchs and improving the status of Xuanhui Envoys （宣徽使） to control the development of the eunuch group. The evolution of the relationship between the emperor and the eunuchs is the key promotive force to the transformation of the eunuchs' power structure.