中国旅游业碳排放（CO?eq）约占全国排放总量的2.5%，其中建筑和酒店服务业是重要来源。当前，星级酒店碳管理及可持续实践亟待提升，全球酒店业碳核算标准与中国的能源结构、文化因素等尚未较好衔接。本研究旨在开发一种面向中国星级酒店的生命周期评估（LCA）方法，以期为碳减排提供可行路径。研究选取两个典型酒店为对象：一是已通过全球酒店业碳核算标准 EarthCheck 认证的国际连锁豪华酒店，二是正在积极探索减排途径的国内高端度假酒店。论文将本地化 LCA 方法与全球标准 EarthCheck 进行对比，以评估案例酒店的能源消耗、水资源使用和碳排放情况。结果表明，国内高端度假酒店每位住客每晚碳排放量为 36.7 kg CO?eq，较当地五星级酒店平均水平（25.6 kg CO?eq）高出 43%，比全球平均水平（31.5 kg CO?eq）高出 16%。国际连锁豪华酒店的每位住客每晚碳排放量更高（88.4 kg CO?eq），超过了地区和国际基准。这凸显了高端酒店在加强碳管理、实现可持续发展方面所面临的挑战。研究了两家酒店的碳减排策略及潜在减排量。国内高端度假酒店通过运用太阳能热水供应、升级保温措施及更换 LED 照明设备等措施，可降低能耗 18%，减少碳排放量 22%。国际连锁豪华酒店采用锅炉优化、节水装置及智能暖通空调控制等措施，可减少 20% 至 25% 的碳排放量，进一步通过集成太阳能、高效供暖系统及碳补偿等策略，可实现 40% 的碳减排。减排措施与酒店运营匹配可进一步提升碳减排潜力。研究发现中国酒店业可持续发展要求与国际标准存在显著差异。国际标准强调第三方绿色认证和自愿性碳减排目标，而中国主要采用政府主导的强制性可持续发展目标，如绿色建筑标准、能耗强度削减要求及碳排放交易体系。不同于国际标准倡导的自愿性措施，中国酒店业未来将被纳入碳市场，从而为碳减排创造更强激励机制。全球酒店业碳核算标准尚未充分考虑中国不断完善的碳管理体系、全国电网碳强度变化及气候政策对酒店运营的影响。本研究通过建立面向中国星级酒店的 LCA 方法，提高酒店业碳排放评估的准确性，可为中国酒店业提升碳管理、推动可持续发展提供借鉴。同时，针对中国快速发展的碳管理及可持续发展政策实践，研究结果强调酒店业在能源、水和废物管理方面制定本地化基准的必要性。研究还可为其他酒店评估其环境绩效提供一个可扩展的 LCA 模型，为制定符合中国碳中和目标的情景分析和碳减排策略奠定基础。

Carbon emissions (CO?eq) from China's tourism industry account for approximately 2.5% of the country's total emissions, with buildings and the hotel service industry being major contributors. At present, efforts to regulate carbon output and advance sustainable practices in star-rated hotels require urgent improvement. Global hotel carbon accounting standards have yet to be effectively integrated with China's energy infrastructure, cultural considerations, and other local conditions. This study seeks to develop a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology specifically designed for Chinese luxury hotels to provide a viable pathway for reducing emissions.The research focuses on two representative hotels. The first is a Beijing Luxury Hotel, an international chain establishment that has obtained certification under the global hotel carbon accounting standard EarthCheck. The second is the Hangzhou Luxury Hotel, which is actively implementing strategies to curb emissions. The study compares a localized LCA methodology with the EarthCheck global standard to assess energy consumption, water resource use, and carbon emissions at these case study hotels. The results indicate that the per guest night carbon footprint of the Hangzhou Luxury Hotel is 36.7 kg CO?eq, which is 43% higher than the average for five-star hotels in Hangzhou, which stands at 25.6 kg CO?eq, and 16% higher than the global average of 31.5 kg CO?eq. The per guest night emissions of the Beijing Luxury Hotel are even higher, reaching 88.4 kg CO?eq, surpassing both regional and international benchmarks. These findings underscore the difficulties that upscale hotels encounter in improving emissions oversight and advancing environmental responsibility.The study further explores the carbon reduction strategies implemented by the two hotels and their potential for lowering emissions. The Hangzhou Luxury Hotel could decrease energy consumption by 18% and cut carbon emissions by 22% through interventions such as utilizing solar energy for hot water, improving insulation, and replacing conventional lighting with LED fixtures. The Beijing Luxury Hotel could reduce its carbon footprint by 20–25% by optimizing boiler performance, incorporating water-saving technologies, and deploying intelligent controls for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. By further integrating solar energy, high-efficiency heating solutions, and carbon offset initiatives, the hotel could achieve an overall emissions reduction of 40%. Aligning mitigation strategies with hotel operations can further enhance the effectiveness of these measures.The investigation identifies substantial differences between China's environmental policies for the hotel sector and international standards. Global frameworks emphasize third-party green certification and voluntary carbon reduction commitments, whereas China primarily enforces government-mandated sustainability policies, including green building regulations, energy efficiency improvement targets, and participation in the carbon emissions trading system. Unlike the voluntary environmental initiatives promoted by international standards, China's hotel industry is expected to be incorporated into the national carbon market, creating stronger incentives for emissions reductions. Current global hotel carbon accounting standards have yet to fully account for China's evolving regulatory framework, shifts in national grid carbon intensity, and the impact of climate policies on hotel operations.This study enhances the precision of carbon emissions assessments in the hotel industry by developing an LCA methodology tailored to Chinese luxury hotels. The findings provide valuable insights into improving emissions oversight and fostering environmentally responsible development within the sector. Given the rapid advancement of China's policies on carbon governance and resource efficiency, the results highlight the need for the hotel industry to establish localized benchmarks for energy, water, and waste management. Additionally, this study introduces a scalable LCA model that can be applied to other hotels for evaluating environmental performance, laying the groundwork for scenario analyses and emissions reduction strategies aligned with China's carbon neutrality objectives.