20世纪90年代以来，在日本和韩国等东亚国家，粉丝文化随偶像产业的兴起形成了独特的粉丝应援生态。随着互联网和社交媒体的普及，应援文化在中国迅速发展，也催生出诸多“饭圈应援”乱象，引发社会争议。2021年，中央网信办发起“清朗”行动，以规范粉丝行为。在此背景下，研究聚焦个体视角和历时性视角下的粉丝应援行为的动态形成机制与发展，以探索粉丝应援行为规范化的路径。基于质性研究方法，本研究系统分析了不同粉丝对应援的认知差异、应援参与的决策机制，以及应援参与的历时性演变。研究构建了“感知-认同-行为”的应援行动框架，发现粉丝对应援行为在认知上呈现出多维差异、在行为决策上受到“粉丝认同-应援认同”的双重驱动、在行为参与的历时性演变中呈现出动态调适特征。首先，粉丝对应援的范围界定存在着感知边界的“共识”与“流动”。 共识体现在对两个基本要素的认同：一是以支持偶像为目的，二是超越需求的额外付出。而对具体行为归属的分歧则源于个体对行为动机的纯粹性和投入强度的感知差异。从感知到认同，粉丝对应援的价值认同形成了“工具效益”与“情感支持”的双轨评价体系。其中，工具价值关注对偶像事业助力，情感价值则强调与偶像情感共振。其次，研究提出了“粉丝认同-应援认同”的行为协同驱动模型。粉丝认同反映了对偶像的情感和对粉丝身份的认可，应援认同则体现对应援行为本身的价值认可。两种认同相对独立且动态调节，因此具有相似情感强度的粉丝个体也会有不同的应援行为表征。研究进一步提出包含感知自我能力和感知行为规范两个维度的应援行为调节框架，前者涵盖粉丝对自我可投入的时间精力、经济实力和个人特长的动态评估，后者涉及偶像官方规范、粉丝群体规范和社会主流规范的三重约束。最终，通过历时性分析，研究归纳出六种典型的粉丝应援投入发展轨迹，分别为向上渐变型、向上波 折型、水平不变型、水平波折型、向下渐变型和向下波折型。研究发现，应援行为投入轨迹的发展与粉丝认同和应援认同的变化密切相关，在历时性视角下进一步验证了“双重认同-动态调节”的应援行动框架。综上所述，粉丝应援是一个涉及情感和身份认同、理性判断和价值选择的复杂社会实践过程，而非简单的情感表达。研究突破了传统的情感认同和集体行动理论框架，为理解粉丝个体能动性与集体规范的互动提供了新的启示。

Since the 1990s, fan culture in East Asian countries like Japan and South Korea has evolved into a unique fan support culture with the rise of the idol industry. With the proliferation of the internet and social media, fan support culture has rapidly spread and developed in China, also giving rise to some disordered fan support activities that sparked social controversy. In 2021, the Chinese government launched Operation Qinglang to regulate fan activities in China. The study examines the dynamic formation mechanisms and developmental trajectories of fan support activities from an individual perspective, aiming to explore paths for better guiding fans' activities.Based on qualitative research methods, this study systematically examines fans’ cognitive differences in fan support, decision-making mechanisms for participation, and the longitudinal evolution of participation. The research then constructs a “perception-identification-behavior” theoretical framework for understanding fan support participation. The study finds that fans exhibit multidimensional cognitive differences in their understanding of fan support, their decisions are driven by dual identification of both “fan identity” and “fan support commitment,” and their participation shows dynamic adaptation over time.Firstly, fans’ perception of the scope of support activities demonstrates both “consensus” and “fluidity” in its boundaries. The consensus is reflected in the recognition of two basic elements: the purpose of supporting idols and the extra effort beyond personal needs. The divergence in categorizing specific activities stems from individual differences in perceiving the purity of motivations and the intensity of involvement. Fans also develop a dual-track evaluation system, including instrumental value and emotional support, for valuing fan support activities. The instrumental value focuses on boosting the idol’s career, while the emotional support emphasizes emotional resonance with the idol.Secondly, the study proposes a dual identification model of “fan identity-fan support commitment” that explains fans’ motivations to participating into fan support activities. Fan identity reflects emotional attachment to the idol and recognition of fan status, while fan support commitment embodies the recognition of the value of support activities themselves. These two factors are relatively independent and dynamically regulated, explaining why fans with similar emotional intensity may participate into different fan support activities. The study further proposes a behavioral regulation framework comprising perceived self-efficacy and perceived behavioral norms. The former encompasses fans’ dynamic assessment of their available resources (time, energy, economic capital, and personal competencies), while the latter involves triple constraints from official management, fan communities, and social norms.Finally, through longitudinal analysis, the study identifies six typical developmental trajectories of fan support involvement: gradually ascending, fluctuating ascending, stable, fluctuating stable, gradually descending, and fluctuating descending. The research finds that the development of support behavior participation is closely related to changes in both fan identity and support commitment, further validating the “dual identification-dynamic adaptation” framework for fan support activities from a longitudinal perspective.In conclusion, fan support is a complex social practice process involving emotional and identity recognition, rational judgment, and value choices, rather than simple emotional expression. The study breaks through traditional theoretical frameworks of emotional identity and collective action, providing new insights into understanding the interaction between individual agency and collective norms in fan communities.