新时代学科间的交叉融合日益显著，为电气工程学科的发展增添了新的活力。近几十年来，等离子体技术已广泛应用于材料处理、生物医学、环境工程、航空航天等领域，尤其是低温等离子体射流在生物医学领域具有巨大应用前景。目前等离子体医学应用研究中的重点和难点是等离子体对生物组织作用的机理、途径和剂量，其中，研究等离子体对生物组织的渗透作用及其剂量至关重要。本文利用水溶液模型、水凝胶模型和生物组织模型研究了脉冲低温等离子体射流与生物组织作用过程中的渗透效应及其剂量。通过实验研究了等离子体射流活性粒子在不同相态中的作用与渗透规律和液体、固体中水对等离子体射流处理效果的巨大影响，从电气特性和活性粒子寿命的角度揭示了等离子体在水凝胶模型中的渗透效果及其受等离子体处理时间的调控规律，建立了等离子体射流物质渗透模型。同时，还通过仿真计算研究了等离子体射流与生物组织作用过程中瞬态电场的特性及其对等离子体渗透的影响，利用二次谐波光学技术解决了对脉冲电场作用下生物膜结构变化进行实时测量的难题，得到了脉冲电场作用下生物膜结构粒径减小全过程及其受场强、脉宽、作用时间等的调控规律，验证了脉冲电场能促进物质渗透跨膜，其效果受电场参数等影响。本文还基于等离子体射流促进毛发再生、伤口愈合和血液凝固的应用对等离子体射流与生物组织作用的效果、渗透机理和剂量进行了研究。利用更标准的小鼠切除伤口夹板（mouse excisional wound splinting , MEWS）模型与图像处理技术对等离子体射流的生物效应和剂量进行统一化，开创了He-O2气氛下等离子体射流处理生物活体实验，证实了等离子体射流中的RNS并非促进毛发再生机制的主导因素，研究了等离子体射流在不同应用中渗透生物组织并发挥作用的途径，发现了等离子体射流剂量在小鼠毛发再生中的两面性，证明了等离子体射流处理面积随处理时间的增大而增大，随处理距离的增大而减小，随被处理材料、生物凝胶和生物组织表面电导率的升高而减小，总结了等离子体剂量与渗透的关系。本文对等离子体射流与生物组织作用中的渗透效应和剂量进行研究，有利于填补等离子体生物机制研究中的空白，为等离子体剂量的标准化研究赋能，进一步推进等离子体生物医学及其应用的发展，为人民生命健康安全保驾护航。
In the new era, the cross-integration of disciplines is becoming increasingly significant. The development of information technology, intelligent technology, nanotechnology, biology and other technologies has promoted the cross-over with electrical engineering disciplines, adding new vitality to the development of electrical engineering disciplines. In recent decades, plasma technology has been widely used in material processing, biomedicine, environmental engineering, aerospace and other fields, especially low temperature plasma jet in the field of biomedicine has great application prospects. At present, the key and difficulty in the research of plasma medical application is the mechanism, way and dose of plasma on biological tissue, among which it is very important to study the penetration effect and dose of plasma on biological tissue.In this paper, the penetration effect and dose of pulsed low-temperature plasma jet in the process of interaction with biological tissue were studied by using aqueous solution model, hydrogel model and biological tissue model. The effect and permeability of plasma jet active particles in different phase states and the great influence of water in liquid and solid on the plasma jet treatment effect were studied experimentally. The permeability effect of plasma in the hydrogel model and the regulation rule of plasma treatment time were revealed from the perspective of electrical characteristics and the life of active particles. A plasma jet material penetration model is established. At the same time, the characteristics of transient electric field during the interaction of plasma jet with biological tissue and its effect on plasma penetration were also studied by simulation. The difficult problem of real-time measurement of biofilm structure changes under the action of pulsed electric field is solved by using second harmonic optical technology. The whole process of particle size reduction of biofilm structure under the action of pulsed electric field and the regulation law of field strength, pulse width and action time were obtained. It was proved that pulsed electric field can promote material permeation across membrane, and its effect is affected by electric field parameters.Based on the application of plasma jets to promote hair regeneration, wound healing and blood coagulation, the effect, penetration mechanism and dosage of plasma jets on biological tissues were also studied. The more standard MEWS model and image processing technology were used to unify the biological effects and dosages of plasma jets, and the experiment of plasma jets treating living organisms under He-O2 atmosphere was initiated, which confirmed that RNS in plasma jets was not the dominant factor in promoting hair regeneration mechanism. The way of plasma jet penetration biological tissue and exerting its function in different applications was studied, and the dual effect of plasma jet dose on hair regeneration in mice was found. It was proved that the plasma jet treatment area increased with the increase of treatment time, decreased with the increase of treatment distance, and decreased with the increase of the surface conductivity of the treated material, biogel and biological tissue. The relationship between plasma dose and osmosis is summarized.In this paper, the penetration effect and dose of plasma jet interaction with biological tissues are studied, which is conducive to filling the gap in the study of plasma biological mechanism, enabling the standardization of plasma dose research, further promoting the development of plasma biomedicine and its application, and escorting people‘s life and health safety.
