我国高考招生制度以省为单位分配名额指标，本质上是“计划色彩”和“平均主义”的政策调控思维在高等教育招生资源配置领域的延伸。高考招生配额制的现实意义在于，它不仅提供了一个改善教育机会地理差异的制度载体，而且塑造了宏观人力资本空间的“初次分配”格局，省际行政配额约束框架下的大学生就学迁移强化了区域间的关联与交融。本研究旨在考察高考招生制度被既有文献所忽视的市场整合功能，并以此揭示过去计划经济体制的调控惯性对现阶段国内统一大市场建设的深层次影响机理。本研究搭建了一个高考招生区域关联的分析框架，在海量的高考录取数据和资源要素跨区域流动配对数据的基础上，采用引力模型、边界效应模型、边界地理断点识别、份额偏离工具变量等方法，回答了如下三个具体问题：第一，高校招生名额在区域间分配有何种规律？第二，如何识别和理解高等教育招生领域的地方保护？第三，高考招生配额制约束框架下的大学生就学迁移如何促进生产要素和商品要素的跨区域流动，进而推进全国统一大市场建设？本研究的主要结论为：首先，高考招生制度所具有的计划经济特性促进了高校招生名额在各省之间按照自利性发展和区域平衡的规律进行秩序化分配，有效维护了经济欠发达地区被外部招生资源倾斜的制度公平。其次，计划经济体制的延续也为高考地方保护主义提供了机会，导致我国高校招生的边界效应异常突出，因而降低了人力资源的配置效率和区域公平性。最后，向外省投放更多招生名额显著促进了生源地到高校所在地的投资、劳动力、以及商品流入，这不仅为当地经济增长提供了外部资源支持，而且促进了全国市场一体化进程。据此本研究提出，降低高考招生的地方保护主义有利于实现效率与公平的统一。本研究可能的贡献为：第一，通过揭示高考招生配额制对要素和商品市场整合的影响机理，为全国统一大市场建设的微观基础研究提供了有益的知识增进。第二，从“逐路取士”的视角丰富了学术界对教育招生制度如何影响人力资本空间布局的已有认识。第三，在因果识别框架内估计了高等教育招生领域的边界效应，拓展了地方保护主义的研究边界。此外，论文更为一般性的理论关怀是分权体制衍生的地方政策未能将跨行政区外部性内部化问题，希望通过本研究来增进人们对于“地方局部利益与国家整体利益如何协调”这类经典理论问题的认识。

The quota system of college entrance examination in China allocates enrollment indicators on a provincial basis, which is essentially an extension of the policy regulation and average historical character in the field of higher education resource allocation. The quota system not only provides an institutional carrier to improve the geographical differences of educational opportunities, but also shapes the primary distribution pattern of macro human capital space, which invisibly strengthens the correlation and integration between regions. The purpose of this study is to examine the market integration function of the college entrance examination enrollment system neglected by the existing literature, and to reveal the deep-seated influence mechanism of the regulatory inertia of the past planned economic system on the construction of the current domestic unified market.My research builds a framework for the regional correlation of college entrance examination. Based on college entrance examination enrollment data and the cross-regional flow matching data of resource elements, the gravity approach, border effect model, geographic regression discontinuity design, and shift-share IV are used to answer the following three specific questions. First, what is the logic of the allocation of college enrollment quotas between regions? Secondly, how to identify the border effect and local protection in the field of higher education enrollment? Third, how does the cross-regional distribution result of the college entrance examination quota system affect the cross-regional flow of production factors and commodity factors, and then promote the construction of a unified national market?The main conclusions of this study are as follows. First of all, the planned economic characteristics of the college entrance examination enrollment system have promoted the orderly distribution of college enrollment quotas among provinces according to the logic of self-development and regional balance, and effectively maintained the institutional fairness of the economically underdeveloped areas being tilted by external enrollment resources. Secondly, the continuation of the planned economic system also provides an opportunity for local protectionism, which leads to the abnormal border effect of college enrollment in China, thus reducing the allocation efficiency of human resources and regional fairness. Finally, putting more enrollment quotas in other provinces has significantly promoted the inflow of investment, labor, and goods from the place of origin to the place where the university is located, which not only provides external resource support for local economic growth, but also promotes the process of national market integration. This study proposes that reducing the local protectionism and border effects of college entrance examination enrollment is conducive to achieving the unity of efficiency and fairness.The contributions of this study are as follows. First, by revealing the impact mechanism of the college entrance examination quota system on the integration of factors and commodity markets, it provides useful knowledge enhancement for the micro-basic research of the national unified market construction. Second, from the perspective of provincial quotas, it enriches the existing understanding of how the education system affects the spatial layout of human capital. Thirdly, the border effect in the field of higher education enrollment is estimated within the framework of causal identification, which expands the research boundary of local protectionism. In addition, the more general theoretical concern of the paper is that the local policies derived from the decentralization system fail to internalize the externality of cross-administrative regions. It is hoped that this study will enhance the understanding of classic theoretical issues such as “how to coordinate local interests with the overall interests of the country”.