燃气轮机是一种高效清洁的动力设备，高效先进的冷却技术是提升整机性能的关键技术之一。透平动叶中，一级动叶接触的温度最高，且在旋转作用下，其内部通道中冷却流体的流动换热特性与在静止环境下完全不同，会在科氏力作用下出现同流向通道中压力面和吸力面换热一面强化另一面就会恶化的问题。因此，消除科氏力对旋转内冷通道带来的换热恶化问题，甚至实现利用科氏力强化旋转通道换热，对提升高温透平动叶内部冷却能力具有重要意义。本文以转90°旋转光滑U通道和双侧强化换热U通道为研究对象，采用实验和数值模拟方法，研究变旋转数工况下，通道内部流动特征与吸力面和压力面强化换热机理，分析和验证了双侧强化换热U通道应用于透平动叶内部冷却的有效性。针对转90°旋转光滑U通道，依托透平旋转内冷通道机理实验台，采用瞬态液晶测量技术，结合雷诺平均数值模拟方法，揭示了转90°旋转光滑U通道相比于传统旋转光滑U通道的强化换热优势，指出前者能在压力面利用科氏力以及在吸力面同时利用科氏力和弯头出口冲击强化换热，阐明了科氏力对转90°旋转光滑U通道面换热分布特征的影响和压损降低机制，指出科氏力引起的二次流削薄了压力面两侧边界层，导致科氏力诱导强化换热区在压力面两侧而非中心区，且科氏力在弯头区从弯头内侧壁面指向外侧壁面抑制了K-H涡的形成并削弱湍动能强度，是通道压损降低的原因。针对双侧强化换热U通道，依托透平旋转内冷通道机理实验台，辅以雷诺平均数值模拟方法，研究了科氏力同时强化压力面和吸力面换热的机理，分析了45°斜直肋片、弯头出口冲击和科氏力对流场以及传热的交互作用机制，揭示了由于45°斜直肋片诱导二次流把弯头出口冲击引起的涡系从吸力面挤向通道内侧壁面，导致45°斜直肋片作用超越弯头出口冲击并主导吸力面换热，解决了旋转导致的光滑吸力面上弯头出口冲击换热降低问题，实现吸力面换热随旋转数增大而强化。基于双侧强化换热U通道，构建了动叶内冷结构新布局，明晰了动叶改型前后内部通道压损与叶片温度特性，指出了改型动叶具有改型区通道低压损和叶片低温度的优异特性，有效提出了低压损高冷效的动叶冷却结构布局与建议，为未来动叶冷却结构布局提供新构型方向。

Gas turbine is a high-efficiency and clean power equipment, widely using in the fields of power generation, aviation, shipping, and industry. Turbine is a crucial part of a gas turbine, whose increasing inlet temperture brings higher gas turbine thermal efficiency and induces challenges to blade cooling technology. First-stage rotor blades suffer highest gas temperature except first-stage stator blade in turbine. Under rotation condition, the flow features in the internal cooling channel of the rotor blade are significantly different from those under stationary state. Usually, the heat transfer on the pressure side is higher than the suction side in the radial outward flow pass, while the heat transfer on the pressure side is lower than the suction side in the radial inward flow pass, which are due to Corilis force direction. In order to eliminate the heat transfer deficit induced by Coriolis force and even utilize Coriolis force to enhance heat transfer, rotating smooth U channel with channel orientation angle of 90° and bifacial-enhanced U channel are experimentally and numerically investigated. In the study, a rotating experiment bench for blade internal cooling mechanism has been designed and established to unveil the Nusselt number ratio distribution details on pressure and suction sides under rotating and stationary states. In the study, Reynolds-averaging Navier–Stokes approach is adopted to comparatively investigate the flow fields and heat trasnfer features of conventional rotating smooth U channel and rotating smooth U channel with channel orientation angle of 90°. The result indicates that bend outlet impingment and Coriolis force improve the heat transfer on pressure and suction sides of the rotating smooth U channel with channel orientation angle of 90°, which has superior heat transfer ability than the conventional channel. Besides, the flow and heat transfer of the rotating smooth U channel with channel orientation angle of 90° and bifacial-enhanced U channel are researched through the rotating experiment bench and Reynolds-averaging Navier–Stokes similation. The results show that the boundary layer at the sides of pressure wall thins due to the Coliolis-induced secondary flow, leading the heat transfer augmentation on the sides of pressure wall. The direction of Coriolis force pointing from inner wall to outer wall suppresses the formation of Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex, thus stablizing the flow in the bend region, reducing the kinetic turbulence energy and declining bend outlet impingment heat transfer and channel pressure drop. Moreover, 45° rib induced secondary flow pushes the bend outlet impingment vortex from suction wall to the inner wall, eliminates and replaces the dominant heat transfer role of bend outlet impingment vortex on the suction wall, thus providing heat transfer enhancement platform for Coriolis force on the suction wall. Therefore, the bifacial-enhanced U channel can utilize Coliolis force to enhance heat trasnfer on both pressure and suction walls. Accordingly, the internal cooling structure arrangement in a rotor blade based on bifacial-enhanced U channel is proposed and comparativley researched with the conventional rotor blade in the study. The result demonstrates that the retrofitted blade has lower channel pressure loss and blade temperature than the conventional one, providing suggestion and direction for low pressure loss and high cooling efficiency internal cooling structure arrangement in future turbine blade.