本研究的“空废化”指在快速城市化背景下，我国村落空间由空置到废弃的演变过程。其引发了人口老龄化、土地资源浪费、经济发展停滞、村落空间失序、文化传承失语等多重问题，空废化村落亟待利用发展。因此，本文围绕川西北藏羌村落空废化现象，构建“地域特征-空废化现状-形成机制-价值评价”（CSM-E）研究框架，以呈现村落及民居空间特征、解析空废化现象、探究空废化形成机制、开展利用价值的评级分类，最终探讨村落空废化的应对策略。本文立足实际，采集大量一手数据。本研究的时空范围为1980年前建成的理县村组，将219个村组作为全样本对象、72个村组作为典型样本对象，采用无人机测绘、问卷调研、半结构化访谈方法，采集了219个全样本村组的空废化数据、记录了172套访谈数据、绘制了72个典型村组的空废状态图及33套民居测绘图。本研究结合定量和定性方法构建“地域特征-空废化现状-形成机制-价值评价”（CSM-E）研究框架体系。该体系采用Alpha Shape等算法及类型学方法分析村落及民居的空间特征，基于空废率模型等方法解析村落空废化现状，采用回归分析等方法探究空废化形成机制，基于熵值法构建村落评价体系，最终，通过对比研究方法提出空废化村落的分类利用模式及综合发展策略。研究结果表明：第一，在空间特征上，川西北藏羌村落选址高险，大多呈小规模、团状、集聚布局，民居极具特色。第二，在空废化现状上，村落经在用、空置、废弃、返荒、复垦五个阶段，村组空废化现象普遍、空废水平高、空间分布差异大，高度空废化村组多选址险远；空废老宅的决策多由村民发起、新居多集中迁建，形成了以村内搬迁为主的五种新老村区隔类型，老村呈现出以穿孔空废为主的四种空废格局，老宅的屋顶、楼板、院落是易空废结构。第三，在形成机制上，村落空废化经萌芽、高发、探索期，形成了生活不便、防灾避险、基建开发、文旅保护四种类型，其中，地形起伏度等五个环境及社会因素、建新房代表发展等八个观念及实施因素影响空废化进程。第四，在价值评价上，研究选取五个一级指标、十八个二级指标构建评价体系，将村组评级为高中低三个等级、分类为历史-空间、自然-空间等五种类型。最后，针对各类村落提出分散式酒店、露天博物馆、遗址公园、登山村、露营基地等分类利用模式，并从利用村落及宅院空间、传承地域文化、推动产业发展、鼓励公众参与等方面提出综合发展策略。
The " vacant and abandoned " in this study refers to the evolution process of villages from vacancy to abandonment in China under the background of rapid urbanization. It has caused multiple problems such as population aging, waste of land resources, stagnation of economic development, disorder of village spaces, and loss of cultural heritage. The vacant and abandoned villages urgently need to be utilized and developed. Therefore, this paper focuses on the phenomenon of vacant and abandoned Tibetan and Qiang villages in Northwest Sichuan, constructs a research framework of "regional characteristics - vacancy and abandonment status - formation mechanism - value evaluation" (CSM-E), presents the spatial characteristics of villages and residential buildings, analyzes the phenomenon of vacant and abandoned villages, explores the formation mechanism, conducts value rating and classification, and finally discusses the coping strategies for the vacant and abandoned villages.This paper is based on reality and collects a large amount of first-hand data. The temporal and spatial scope of this study covers village groups in Li County before 1980. 219 village groups are selected as full sample objects and 72 village groups are selected as typical sample objects. This research uses drone surveying, questionnaire survey, and semi-structured interview methods to collect the data of vacant and abandoned phenomenon from 219 full sample village groups, records 172 sets of interview data, draws vacant and abandoned status maps for 72 typical village groups and 33 sets of residential surveying and mapping maps.This study integrates quantitative and qualitative methods to construct a research system of "regional characteristics - vacancy and abandonment status - formation mechanism - value evaluation" (CSM-E) framework. This system uses algorithms such as Alpha Shape to analyze the spatial characteristics of villages, uses typological methods to analyze the construction characteristics of residential houses, uses vacant and abandoned rate models to analyze the current situation of vacant and abandoned villages, uses regression analysis to explore the formation mechanism of vacant and abandoned phenomenon, uses entropy method to construct a village evaluation system, and uses comparative research methods to to propose utilization patterns in categories as well as overall development strategies for vacant and abandoned villages.The research results show that: first, in terms of spatial characteristics, Tibetan and Qiang villages in Northwest Sichuan are located in high altitude areas, mostly presenting a small-scale, clustered, and aggregated spatial form, with distinctive residential buildings. Second, in terms of the current situation of vacant and abandoned villages, villages have gone through five stages of use, vacancy, abandonment, return to wilderness, and reclamation. The phenomenon of vacant and abandoned is common in village groups, with high levels of vacancy and abandonment and significant spatial distribution differences. Most villages with high levels of vacant and abandonmed rate are located in remote and dangerous areas. The decision-making process for vacant and abandoned old houses is mostly initiated by villagers, and new houses are mostly concentrated in relocation. forming five types of separation between new and old villages, with internal relocation as the main type. The old villages show four types of vacant and abandoned patterns, with perforated vacancy and abandonment as the main structure of the old villages. The vacant and abandoned structure of the houses is mainly composed of roofs, floors, and courtyards. Third, in terms of formation mechanism, the vacant and abandonment of villages has gone through the stages of germination, high incidence, and exploration, forming four dominant types including living inconvenience, disaster prevention, infrastructure development, and cultural tourism protection. Among them, five environmental and social factors such as relief amplitude, and eight concepts and implementation factors such as building new houses representing development affect the process of the vacant and abandoned villages. Fourth, in terms of value evaluation, the study selected five primary indicators and 18 secondary indicators to construct an evaluation system for vacant and abandoned villages. The villages were rated as high, medium, and low levels, and divided into five types such as historical-spatial and natural spatial. Finally, this research proposes five classification utilization models for five types of villages, including Albergo diffuso, Open-air museum, Heritage Park, Mountaineering Villages, and Campsite. Comprehensive development strategies are proposed from five aspects of utilizing village and dwelling spaces, inheriting regional culture, promoting industrial development, and encouraging public participation.
