在国家提出“双碳”战略目标和推动住房高质量发展的背景下，居住建筑进一步降低运行能耗、提高自身气候适应能力具有重要的现实意义。本研究以提高居住建筑气候适应能力为目标，以寒冷地区高层住宅为研究对象，将目前高层住宅被动式设计适应的气候环境从气候分区气候或者城市气候精细到建筑室外的微气候。微气候是住宅室内环境最先接触的气候类型，其对住宅室内性能起到直接影响作用。基于微气候适应性进行的精细化被动式设计，能够进一步提高建筑适应气候的能力。 被动式设计要素、微气候要素、住宅室内性能是研究的三个主体。解析被动式设计要素、微气候要素二者与住宅室内性能的关系，可以为基于微气候适应性的精细化被动式设计奠定研究基础。首先，对寒冷地区典型高层住区室外的微气候进行实测，通过分析实测数据揭示了高层住区室外不同空间的微气候存在明显差异。然后，对寒冷地区典型住宅的室内性能进行长时间实测，并且统计各住宅的被动式设计措施等信息。通过敏感性分析得到各项被动式设计要素对住宅室内性能的影响程度，按照影响程度将被动式设计要素进行排序。使用环境气象模拟软件模拟住宅实测期间的室外微气候，将模拟的微气候数据与室内性能实测数据进行耦合分析。通过回归方式量化微气候主要要素（风、太阳辐射、空气温度）在冬夏季节对住宅室内性能的影响作用。长时间实测的数据为被动式设计要素、微气候要素与住宅室内性能关系量化分析提供支持，应用量化分析结果构建了基于微气候适应性的高层住宅精细化被动式设计方法。最后，通过案例应用呈现精细化被动式设计方法的使用路径，并验证设计方法的有效性和可行性。 论文的主要结论或研究成果包括：（1）同一高层住区无论是风速、太阳辐射强度还是空气温度，均随所在空间的位置不同而不同；（2）外窗开启面积与房间面积比、凸窗、北向窗墙比是影响寒冷地区住宅冬夏季综合室内性能最显著的被动式设计要素；（3）对于同一栋高层住宅而言，冬季室外风速与室内性能的相关程度最高，太阳辐射次之，空气温度最低；夏季室外空气温度与室内性能的相关程度最高，太阳辐射次之，而风速最低；（4）构建了基于微气候适应性的高层住宅精细化被动式设计方法，方法流程主要包括微气候模拟与影响作用分级、被动式设计要素精细化设计两个步骤。
In the context of the national "dual carbon goals" and the promotion of high-quality housing development, it is of great practical significance to further reduce the operational energy consumption of residential buildings and to improve their climate-adaptive capacity. This study aims to improve the climate adaptability of residential buildings, takes high-rise multi-family dwellings in cold areas as the research object, and refines the climatic environment to which the current passive design of high-rise multi-family dwellings is adapted from the climate of climate zones or the urban climate to the microclimate of the building‘s outdoor environment. The microclimate is the first type of climate that the indoor environment of the dwelling is exposed to, and it has a direct impact on the indoor performance of the dwelling. Refined passive design based on microclimate adaptation can further improve the ability of buildings to adapt to climate.Passive design elements, microclimate elements, and residential indoor performance are the three main subjects of the study. Analyzing the relationship between passive design elements, microclimate elements, and residential indoor performance can lay the research foundation for refined passive design based on microclimate adaptation. First, the outdoor microclimate of typical high-rise residential estates in cold areas was measured, and the analysis of the measured data revealed that there are obvious differences in the microclimate of different outdoor spaces in high-rise residential estates. Then, the indoor performance of typical multi-family dwellings in cold areas was measured over a long period of time, and the passive design measures and other information about each dwelling were counted. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the degree of influence of passive design elements on the indoor performance of the dwelling, and the passive design elements were ranked according to the degree of influence. The outdoor microclimate of the dwelling during the measurement period was simulated using environmental meteorological simulation software, and the simulated microclimate data was coupled with the measured indoor performance data for analysis. Regression was used to quantify the effect of the main elements of the microclimate (wind, solar radiation, and air temperature) on the indoor performance of the dwelling during the winter and summer seasons. Long-term measured data supported the quantitative analysis of the relationships between passive design elements, microclimate elements, and residential indoor performance. The results of the quantitative analysis were applied to construct a refined passive design methodology for high-rise multi-family dwellings based on microclimate adaptation. Finally, the use path of the refined passive design methodology was presented through case applications, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the design methodology were verified.The main conclusions or research results of the study are as follows: (1) Wind speed, solar radiation intensity, and air temperature in the same high-rise residential estate vary with the location of the space where they are located. (2) The ratio of the openable area of external window to the room area, bay windows, and the northern window-to-wall ratio are the most significant passive design elements affecting the combined indoor performance in winter and summer for the residence in cold areas. (3) For the same high-rise multi-family dwelling, in winter, the correlation between outdoor wind speed and indoor performance is the highest, followed by solar radiation, and air temperature is the lowest. In summer, the correlation between outdoor air temperature and indoor performance is the highest, followed by solar radiation, and wind speed is the lowest. (4) A refined passive design methodology for high-rise multi-family dwellings is constructed based on microclimate adaptation, and the methodology process mainly includes two steps: microclimate simulation and influence grading, and the refinement of the passive design element design.
