博物馆，作为历史文化的载体与传承者，承载着深厚的文化底蕴与丰富的历史信息。博物馆实物性展示设计，作为连接历史信息与人的桥梁，它不仅在地域文化传播、文化传承、时代特征反映及社会教育等方面均扮演着重要角色。而且有助于增强民族认同感和文化自信。本文基于中国近现代历史博物馆的展示设计实践，探索并构建了一套系统的博物馆实物性展示设计理论模型。主要内容包括：（1）明确界定了何为实物性展示设计；（2）分析了国际博物馆展示设计的研究现状，总结和讨论了近现代以来中国博物馆实物性展示设计的实践经验，通过对比分析揭示了中国博物馆实物性设计的特点；（3）探讨了中国近现代历史博物馆实物性展示设计的目标与策略，通过分析实物性展示设计“史”与“物”的内在逻辑关系，对比突出“物”和叙述“史” 实物性展示设计策略，进而总结了中国近现代历史博物馆实物性展示设计的基本规律；（4）分析了中国近现代历史博物馆实物性展示设计的基本构成元素，明确“馆藏文物”与“展品替代物”、“展品”与“背景语境”的差异与融合，提出了一套具有可操作性的设计程序及方法，并对实物性展示设计的基本问题进行了系统总结；（5）在对具体案例进行讨论后，将设计留白和再现历史的实物性展示设计规律和实物性元素的数量比例、形式设计和陈列方式等展示方法结合，初步构建了中国近现代历史博物馆实物性展示设计的理论框架，并通过深入访谈和问卷调研，收集了博物馆从业者的观点及参观者的体验数据；（6）提出了中国近现代历史博物馆实物性展示设计的理论模型。本文最后对博物馆实物性展示设计的未来发展提出了若干建议与思考，涵盖以下几个方面：实物性展示设计的理论创新与实践融合；实物性展示设计的视觉化转换研究；实物性展示设计与新技术的协同演进；实物性展示设计的可持续发展与环保理念；以及实物性展示设计的跨学科整合与创新。这些建议旨在顺应新时代展示设计的趋势，以期推动博物馆实物性展示设计的进一步发展。

Museums, as carriers and inheritors of historical culture, bear profound cultural heritage and rich historical information. The physical display design of museums, as a bridge connecting history with people, plays an important role not only in regional cultural dissemination, cultural inheritance, reflection of era characteristics and social education, but also in enhancing national identity and cultural confidence.This paper, based on the practice of display design in modern Chinese historical museums, explores and constructs a systematic theoretical model of physical display design in museums.The main contents include: (1) Clearly defining what physical display design is; (2) Analyzing the research status of international museum display design, summarizing and discussing the practical experience of physical display design in Chinese museums since modern times, and revealing the characteristics of Chinese museum physical design through comparative analysis; (3) Discussing the goals and strategies of physical display design in modern Chinese historical museums, analyzing the internal logical relationship between "history" and "objects" in physical display design, highlighting the strategies of "objects" and narrating "history" in physical display design, and further summarizing the basic laws of physical display design in modern Chinese historical museums; (4) Analyzing the basic elements of physical display design in modern Chinese historical museums, clarifying the differences and integration between "museum collections" and "exhibit substitutes," "exhibits" and "context," proposing a set of operable design procedures and methods, and systematically summarizing the basic issues of physical display design; (5) After discussing specific cases, combining the design of "white space" and the physical display design rules of recreating history, and the quantity ratio, formal design, and display methods of physical elements, a preliminary theoretical framework for physical display design in modern Chinese historical museums was constructed, and museum practitioners‘ opinions and visitors‘ experience data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys; (6) Proposing a theoretical model for physical display design in modern Chinese historical museums.The paper finally put forward several suggestions and considerations for the future development of physical display design in museums: Achieving a balance between the study of "objects" and "people"; Strengthening the emphasis on physical display design in museums, innovating display forms with content as the guide; Improving the theoretical system of physical display design in museums and establishing a theoretical model; Enhancing design communication and cooperation to adapt to the trends of display design in the new era. Thus, promoting the development of physical display design in museums.