近年来，受全球气候变暖影响，气象灾害的发生风险日益上升，对农业生产、水资源安全、生态系统稳定和经济社会发展构成了严重威胁，通过一定的人工影响天气手段，应对或降低潜在的气象灾害风险，无疑是一种既现实而紧迫的应对之策。声波干预天气技术相对于传统人工影响天气技术，具有成本低廉、无化学污染、机动性强和环境适应性好等优点，是开展人工影响天气的理想技术手段之一，但相关的基础研究和野外实践还不充分，限制了声波干预天气技术的应用推广。本研究以声波干预天气为研究对象，针对声波消减云雾和增加降雨问题，综合开展了数值模拟、云室实验和野外试验等研究工作，主要研究内容和结论如下：（1）聚焦声波促进云雾滴团聚的有效频率范围这一核心问题，通过声波团聚核函数数值模拟了不同频率和声压级声波对云雾滴的团聚作用，发现声波对云雾滴团聚存在最佳作用频率，初始云雾滴的粒径谱宽度与声波最佳作用频率成反比，粒径谱越宽，最佳作用频率越往低频移动；声压级对声波团聚作用的影响是单调的，声压级越大，声波团聚效果越显著。（2）基于自主搭建的常温声波云室系统，开展了声波作用下云雾消散过程的云室实验研究，发现低频声波可以有效加速云雾滴消散，更低频率（<50Hz）更高声压级（>120dB）声波对云雾滴的消散促进效果更明显；低频声波对云雾滴团聚作用的碰撞效率较低，在5%左右；低频声波存在两种影响云雾滴生长过程的模式：团聚模式和蒸发模式，在团聚模式中，声波团聚作用占据主导，云雾滴粒径会逐渐增大，可以有效加速雨滴的形成降落，增加地面降水，在蒸发模式中，声致蒸发作用占据主导，云雾滴粒径和粒子数会逐渐下降，从而加速云层消散。（3）基于自主研发的低频强声波发生器，首次开展了低频强声波消云野外试验研究，发现低频强声波可以有效降低非降水云中液态水含量、云层厚度和天空中云占比，增加地面辐照度，促进云层的消散；声波团聚和声致蒸发两种作用在声波消云过程中同时存在。（4）基于随机化试验方案，开展了层状云降水过程的声学干预试验研究，发现低频强声波对层状云降水过程有明显的调控作用，可以有效逆转自然降水过程中平均云层回波强度逐渐下降的趋势，促进云层和空中雨滴粒子的碰并增长，增加降落雨滴的粒径和数量；通过序列分析法确定的试验区整体平均增雨比例为10.2%；通过双比分析法，确定的试验沟的平均增雨比例为12.1%。

In recent years, under the influence of global warming, the risk of meteorological disasters is increasing, posing a serious threat to agricultural production, water resources security, ecosystem stability and economic and social development. It is undoubtedly a realistic and urgent solution to deal with or reduce the potential risks of meteorological disasters through certain means of weather modification. Compared with traditional weather modification technology, acoustic weather modification technology has the advantages of low cost, no chemical pollution, strong mobility and good environmental adaptability, and is one of the ideal technical means to carry out weather modification. However, the relevant basic research and field practice are not enough, which limits the application and promotion of acoustic weather modification technology. This study takes sound wave intervention in weather as the research object, and comprehensively carries out numerical simulation, cloud chamber experiment and field experiment to solve the problem of acoustic cloud reduction and acoustic precipitation enhancement. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) Focusing on the core problem of effective frequency range of sound waves to promote cloud droplet agglomeration, the agglomeration effect of sound waves with different frequencies and sound pressure levels on cloud droplet agglomeration was numerically simulated through the acoustic agglomeration kernel function, and it was found that there was an optimal action frequency of sound waves on cloud droplet agglomeration. The initial particle size spectrum width of cloud droplet was inversely proportional to the optimal action frequency of sound wave. The optimum acting frequency moves to lower frequency; The effect of sound pressure level on acoustic agglomeration is monotonous, and the larger the sound pressure level is, the more significant the acoustic agglomeration effect is.(2) Based on the self-built room temperature acoustic cloud chamber system, a cloud chamber experiment was carried out to study the process of cloud and fog dissipation under the action of sound waves. It was found that low-frequency sound waves could effectively accelerate the dissipation of cloud and fog droplets, and the sound waves with lower frequency (<50Hz) and higher sound pressure level (>120dB) had a more obvious effect on the dissipation of cloud and fog droplets; The collision efficiency of low frequency acoustic wave on cloud droplet agglomeration is low, about 5%. There are two modes of low-frequency sound waves that affect the growth process of cloud droplets: agglomeration mode and evaporation mode. In agglomeration mode, acoustic agglomeration is dominant, and the particle size of cloud droplets will gradually increase, which can effectively accelerate the formation and fall of raindrops and increase ground precipitation. In evaporation mode, acoustic evaporation is dominant, and the particle size and number of cloud droplets will gradually decrease, thus accelerating cloud dissipation.(3) Based on the self-developed low-frequency strong sound wave generator, the field experiment study of acoustic cloud reduction was carried out for the first time, and it was found that low-frequency sound wave could effectively reduce the liquid water content, cloud thickness and cloud proportion in non-precipitation clouds, increase the ground irradiance and promote the dissipation of clouds; The two effects of acoustic agglomeration and acoustic evaporation exist simultaneously in the process of acoustic cloud reduction.(4) Based on the randomized experiment scheme, the acoustic intervention experiment on the stratiform cloud precipitation process was carried out, and it was found that low-frequency sound wave had obvious regulation effect on the stratiform cloud precipitation process, which could effectively reverse the trend of gradual decline of average cloud echo intensity during natural precipitation process, promote the collision and growth of clouds and raindrop particles in the sky, and increase the particle size and number of falling raindrops; The average precipitation increase ratio of the whole test area determined by series analysis was 10.2%. By double ratio analysis, the average precipitation increase ratio of test ditch is 12.1%.