供销合作社是以农民社员为主体的综合性合作经济组织，近年来通过深化综合改革，为农服务能力有效提升，成为全面推进乡村振兴的重要力量。2018年，供销系统对源于浙江的生产、供销、信用“三位一体”改革经验进行了推广，太谷区供销合作社作为全省首批试点单位，成立了县、乡两级农民合作经济组织联合会（即“农合联”），旨在整合农业生产资源、降低交易成本、提升农业现代化水平。然而这一创新型组织在实践中却陷入发展困境，不少合作社仍然处于观望状态，这进一步引发了对“三位一体”改革模式的思考。本文包括三组研究问题：（1）实践层面，太谷区农合联发展陷入困境的原因是什么？农合联不同成员对组织的领导结构、运作机制、服务功能等的认知程度如何？（2）学术层面，从农合联的主体成员—农民专业合作社和涉农企业等农民经济组织来看，为何有些成员参与，而有些成员仍然处于观望状态？其参与农合联的意愿受哪些因素影响？（3）政策层面，如何进一步完善农合联的组织治理模式？农合联未来发展和改革的可行路径有哪些？本研究通过理论分析和文献梳理，选定个体特征、生产特征、认知程度、利益因素、制度环境5个维度，采用二元logistic回归对参与意愿进行了实证分析。得出如下结论：首先，农合联成员以中年以上、初/高中学历为主，但呈现年轻化、高学历化现象。成员主要集中在特色种植、养殖业，以中小规模为主，面临融资难和经济效益低的突出挑战。其次，农合联工作效能低、认可度低。第三，农合联成立的必要性得到广泛认同，成员更加期待通过组织解决销售、技术提升、集中采购等需求。第四，当地政府在相关政策制定、宣传普及、监督落实上还有不足。第五，受教育程度与参与意愿负相关，从业年限、基础投入、是否会员、合作经济发展程度以及农合联成立必要性均与参与意愿均存在显著正相关。据此，本研究针对提高农合联参与意愿，进一步改良农合联组织，提出如下对策建议：重视农合联组织建设，打造对接政府服务的有效桥梁；加强治理体系构建，发挥市场作用，体现合作社主体地位，合理确定农合联组建模式；优化政府职能，强化政策支持与监督；加强“三位一体”顶层设计，深化供销社改革；提升合作经济组织质量；做好新型职业农民培育引导。
The supply and marketing cooperatives, as comprehensive cooperative economic organizations mainly composed of farmer members, have effectively enhanced their service capabilities for agriculture through deepening comprehensive reforms in recent years, becoming an important force in fully advancing rural revitalization. In 2018, the supply and marketing system promoted the “trinity” reform experience of production, supply and marketing, and credit originating from Zhejiang Province. As one of the first pilot units in the province, the supply and marketing cooperative in Taigu District established county and township-level Farmers Cooperative Economic Organization Federations, aiming to integrate agricultural production resources, reduce transaction costs, and enhance the level of agricultural modernization. However, this innovative organization has encountered development difficulties in practice, with many cooperatives still in a wait-and-see state, further triggering reflections on the “trinity” reform model.This thesis includes three groups of research questions: (1) At the practical level, what are the reasons for the development difficulties of the Farmers Cooperative Economic Organization Federation (FCEOF) in Taigu District? How do different members of the FCEOF perceive the organizational leadership structure, operating mechanisms, and service functions? (2) At the academic level, why do some members of the main body of the FCEOF—Farmers professional cooperatives and agricultural enterprises—choose to participate while others remain on the sidelines? What factors influence their willingness to participate in the FCEOF? (3) At the policy level, how can the organizational governance model of the FCEOF be further improved? What feasible paths exist for the future development and reform of the FCEOF?Through theoretical analysis and literature review, this study selects five dimensions: individual characteristics, production characteristics, level of cognition, interest factors, and institutional environment, and employs binary logistic regression for empirical analysis of participation willingness. The study concludes that: firstly, members of the Federation are mainly middle-aged and above with junior/high school education, but a trend towards younger and higher-educated members is observed. Members mainly engage in specialty planting and breeding, predominantly on a small to medium scale, facing significant challenges in financing and economic efficiency. Secondly, the Federation’s work efficiency and recognition are low, with divergences among members regarding the roles of government personnel and the supply and marketing cooperatives. Thirdly, the necessity of establishing the Federation is widely recognized, with members looking forward to addressing needs such as sales, technical improvement, centralized procurement, and brand building through the organization. Fourthly, the local government still has shortcomings in policy formulation, publicity and education, and implementation supervision. Fifthly, educational level is negatively correlated with the willingness to participate, while years of experience, basic investment, membership status, the development level of cooperative economics, and the necessity of establishing the Federation are all significantly positively correlated with the willingness to participate. Other factors such as gender, production category, and social responsibility have no significant impact on the willingness to participate. This suggests that in the future, the FCEOF may need to optimize its governance mechanisms and improve work efficiency, while also expanding publicity and actively striving for political participation channels for the FCEOF and its members, as well as broadening the space for social public welfare technical service activities. This would further enhance members’ satisfaction with participation, thereby increasing the political and social influence of the FCEOF.Based on these findings, the study proposes the following strategies to improve the participation willingness and further improve the organization of the Federation: prioritize the construction of the Federation to create a bridge for government services; strengthen governance system construction, leverage market functions, reflect the main status of cooperatives, and rationally determine the Federation’s organization model; optimize government functions, strengthen policy support and supervision; enhance the “trinity” top-level design, deepen the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives; and improve the quality of cooperative economic organizations and guide the cultivation of new professional farmers.
