我国有将近70%的人口处于亚健康状态，这一现象与当代生活方式密切相关。随着人们对健康的态度由被动接受治疗转向主动式保健预防，作为主要居住形式的高层住宅，其人居环境备受关注。然而，相较于私人区域，高层住宅的公共区域发展相对滞后。因此，本研究以实例为基础，探讨健康促进的公共区域空间特征，并总结其实践策略。研究首先梳理了健康促进理论相关研究与国内外健康建筑评价标准，总结出三类影响健康的环境因子。其次，通过案例调研与实地走访，归纳公共区域的空间要素、组织模式与发展演变。最终将研究聚焦于影响因子之一的“生活方式要素”，基于该要素的健康促进原理，对多个案例进行比较研究与设计手法归纳。整体上，公共区域空间营造可通过提升居民日常活动水平、邻里交往、亲自然频率等方法，影响居民的生活方式，进而促进其生心理与社会健康。各个公共区域的设计策略包括但不限于提升步行频率、提供活动场地、环境绿化、多样的空间层次与功能。接近地面层的底层公共区域作为外部空间与住宅空间的第一个过渡空间，是最容易实施上述设计策略的位置，但设计者应当关注标准层与屋顶层的空间营造，才能有效改善高层住宅空间模式所带来的诸多问题；标准层公共区域可通过改变交通模式、设置中央庭院等手法增加垂直方向上的空间层次，热带地区可结合绿化形成空中花园，寒冷地区则可设置内院，营造四季皆可使用的活动空间。此外，楼梯空间营造与入户空间设计对于标准层的健康促进作用也有帮助；屋顶层作为公共交通流线终点，其可达性与使用率较低，设计应当综合考量周边环境条件、气候设施、居民需求，才能真正活化该片区域。本文通过对健康理论相关应用与公共区域的空间研究，梳理出促进健康的高层住宅公共区域设计策略，并结合济南起步区的健康住宅项目实践检视研究成果，为我国的公共区域营造提供实践参考。
Nearly 70% of the population in China is in a sub-healthy state, a phenomenon closely related to contemporary lifestyles. As attitudes towards health shift from passive treatment to proactive prevention, the living environment of high-rise residential buildings, the main form of residence, has attracted increasing attention. However, compared to private areas, the development of public spaces in high-rise residences lags behind. Therefore, this study is based on examples to explore the spatial characteristics of public areas that promote health and summarize practical strategies.The study first reviews relevant research on health promotion theory and domestic and international health building evaluation standards, identifying three categories of environmental factors that influence health. Subsequently, through case studies and field visits, it summarizes the spatial elements, organizational patterns, and development trends of public areas. Finally, the study focuses on one of the influencing factors, "lifestyle elements," and compares multiple cases based on the principles of health promotion associated with this factor, and summarizes design techniques.Overall, public spaces can be divided into three areas based on their location: ground floor, standard floor, and rooftop. Their spatial creation can affect residents‘ lifestyles by enhancing daily activities, neighborhood interactions, and exposure to nature. Design strategies for each public area include but are not limited to increasing walking frequency, providing activity spaces, greening the environment, and diversifying spatial levels and functions.The ground floor public area, as the first transitional space between external and residential spaces, is the easiest place to implement the above design strategies. However, attention should be paid to the spatial creation of standard and rooftop public areas to effectively improve the many problems brought about by the spatial patterns of high-rise residential buildings. The standard floor public area can increase vertical spatial levels by changing traffic patterns and setting up central courtyards, while tropical regions can combine greening to form rooftop gardens, and cold regions can set up inner courtyards to create spaces that can be used all year round. In addition, staircase space creation and entrance space design also help promote health on standard floors; as the end point of public traffic flow, the accessibility and utilization of rooftop floors are low, so design should consider surrounding environmental conditions, climate facilities, and resident needs to truly activate the area.This study synthesizes health theory applications and spatial research on public areas, outlines strategies for promoting health in public areas of high-rise residential buildings, and integrates the results of the health housing project in Jinan‘s starting area to provide practical references for public area creation in China.
