为了推进乡村地区产业发展，带动人口回流，推动返乡创业成为具备战略重要性的工作，各地针对推动返乡创业都进行了一定程度的探索。但是，创业维艰，返乡创业该如何真正获得成效，成为政策拟定者与创业者共同面临的困境。现有文献指出，政策支持、创业者的人力资本与社会资本是促成返乡创业者能够收获较好绩效的原因。但是，随着社会的环境日益复杂，乡村地区参与创业活动人员的构成也越来越多元，此种解释视角纵然直观，但对于不同因素与参与者之间，因为互动、依存、合作所产生的深层次关系与发挥作用的探讨则较为鲜见。因此，本研究将会以生态系统的视角，重点关注在返乡创业的背景下，参与者与相关要素所组成的系统与框架。或许也能更深入解释返乡创业成功的原因，以及返乡创业是如何促进乡村地区的发展产生质变。本研究以台湾地区的G镇为案例，采用典型案例法，借由半结构访谈与参与式观察的方式，分析当地返乡创业的情况，并指出政策与制度环境的建构、社会网络的组成与社会资本的累积、技术掌控者的技术引入与扩散、创业者的领导能力与共同串联等因素是促成返乡创业的最基本因素。相对于过往研究，本研究试图以台湾地区G镇的成功经验，利用生态系统角度进行解释，并认为创业者及其周遭的参与者能够发挥更积极的角色。通过对案例所进行的系统性研究，研究发现：第一，在生态系统视角下，政府除能以资金补贴帮助返乡创业外，更能够积极扮演媒合角色，创造合适的创业环境，加速创业者嵌入乡村社会；第二，除了创业者既有的社会网络之外，本地有影响力的个人或组织也能在创业生态系统的网络中穿梭，发挥资源中介、协调与合作的功能，建构共同依存的关系；第三，创业者也能组成子系统，发挥领导力，凝聚共同价值，推进议题与行动串联，塑造多元开放氛围，带动自发创业活动。通过生态系统视角进一步解释这些互动关系以及其如何于所处的生态位中发挥功能与社会影响力，引导返乡创业成功，改善乡村地区困境，推进乡村振兴与地方创生。在案例研究基础上，本文的政策建议是：第一，相关政府部门应建构合适的创业环境，以社会创新手段推进返乡创业；第二，应鼓励创业者以群体力量推进创业发展，形塑紧密合作；第三，政府应吸纳乡村内外部的机构、组织共同参与返乡创业，强化创业力度与功能多样性，建构功能完善的创业生态系统。
To promote industrial development in rural areas, attract population backflow, and drive the returnee entrepreneurship, various regions have explored the initiatives to facilitate returnee entrepreneurship. However, entrepreneurship is challenging, and achieving real effectiveness in returnee entrepreneurship poses dilemmas for policymakers and entrepreneurs. Existing literature indicates that policy support, human capital, and social capitals are reasons behind the relatively good performance of returnee entrepreneurs. However, as society becomes increasingly complex, the composition of individuals participating in entrepreneurial activities in rural areas is becoming more diverse. While this explanatory perspective is intuitive, discussions on the deeper relationships arising from interactions, interdependence, and cooperation among different factors and participants are relatively scarce. Therefore, this study will adopt an ecosystem perspective, focusing on the system and framework composed of participants and relevant elements under the context of returnee entrepreneurship. This approach may provide a more in-depth explanation into the reasons for the success of returnee entrepreneurship and how it facilitates changes in rural area.Adopting G Town in Taiwan as a case study, this research employs a typical case study method, utilizing semi-structured interviews and participatory observation to analyze the situation of returnee entrepreneurship and identify the factors facilitating it. The research attempts to explain the success of returnee entrepreneurship using the experience of G Town and the ecosystem perspective. It suggests that entrepreneurs and their surrounding participants can play more active roles. Through a systematic study of the case, the research indicates that: (1) From an ecosystem perspective, in addition to providing financial subsidies, the government can actively act as a mediator, create a suitable entrepreneurial environment, and accelerate the integration of entrepreneurs into rural society. (2) Influential individuals or organizations in the rural area can shuttle through the network of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, acting as resource intermediaries, coordinators, and collaborators, and constructing mutually dependent relationships. (3) Entrepreneurs can also form subsystems and demonstrate leadership, consolidate common values, promote issue and action linkage, shape a diverse and open atmosphere, and drive more spontaneous entrepreneurial activities. This study further explains these interactive relationships and how they function and demonstrate social influence within their ecological niches, guiding the success of returnee entrepreneurship, improving regional revitalization.Based on the case study, the policy recommendations are as follows: (1) Relevant government departments should construct an appropriate entrepreneurial environment and promote returnee entrepreneurship through social innovation means. (2) Entrepreneurs should be encouraged to promote entrepreneurial development collectively, shaping close cooperation. (3) The government should involve institutions and organizations both within and outside rural areas in returnee entrepreneurship, strengthen entrepreneurial efforts and functional diversity, and construct a well-functioning ecosystem.
