锌基液流电池具有低成本、高比能等优势受到广泛关注，有望成为大规模储能设备。然而，锌枝晶的生长和副反应以及不匹配正极导致体系循环性能和寿命不佳。作为活性物质溶解在水相的电解液体系，支撑电解质KCl对锌负极电化学反应有显著影响。而与锌负极匹配的正极活性物质应当也具有高能量密度和电化学活性的特点，从而充分释放电池的性能。本文从上述两方面入手，系统的研究了KCl浓度对锌负极电解液理化性质和电化学性能的影响方式及规律，得出最优的活性物质和支撑电解质配比。此外，使用了一种发生液-液转化反应的正极与锌负极组合，设计出新型锌基液流电池体系，并通过分级结构电极设计来促进正极的电化学转化性能。对于负极电解液组分优化的工作，使用1 M ZnCl2作为活性物质，以添加不同浓度的KCl（0、1、2、3 M）组成的负极电解液作为研究对象，分析了KCl对锌负极从静止到流动体系的影响。理化性质测试发现支撑电解质除了改变电解液的离子电导率外，还会抑制活性物质的水解，同时在溶液中形成大量的ZnCl42-结构；电化学测试发现除了形成的溶剂化结构外，K+的竞争性吸附也会影响负极的氧化还原动力学，对锌的沉积形貌造成影响。在锌碘液流电池测试中发现电池性能提升可以通过调整负极电解液组分实现，但也应考虑与正极电解液组分的匹配程度。电解液组分调整还可以改变氢键网络，拓宽电池的工作温度范围。最后，基本本文研究体系认为锌负极电解液组分的最优配比为活性物质：支撑电解质= 1：2（以ZnCl2和KCl计）或1：4（以Zn元素含量和Cl离子含量计）。对于新型液流电池体系开发及分级结构电极制备，采用了碱性硫溶液做锌硫液流电池正极，并调节负极电解液pH扩大正负极电位差使体系可充放电。通过两步反应制备了含镍小球/多孔石墨毡（NiO@GF）正极催化硫的氧化还原反应。首先通过溶剂热法在石墨毡纤维上生长致密的镍基金属有机框架材料，再通过高温氩气热解制得NiO@GF。改变热解温度制得了系列电极并测试了电化学性能，筛选出600℃为最佳热解温度。使用该电极组装的水系碱性锌硫液流电池在10 mAcm-2下极化减小，对比石墨毡电极，电压效率从32%提升至78%。这份工作为新液流电池体系开发提供了有益的借鉴。

Zinc-based flow batteries have received widespread attention for their advantages of low cost and high specific energy, which is suitable for large-scale energy storage devices. However, the growth of zinc dendrites, side reactions and unmatched positive electrode lead to poor cycling performance and short lifetime. As the aqueous electrolyte system, the concentration of supporting electrolyte KCl has a significant effect on the electrochemical reaction of zinc negative electrode. The positive active materials matched with zinc negative electrode should also have the feature of high energy density and electrochemical activity to fully release the performance of the battery. In this paper, based on the mentioned understanding, the influence of concentration of KCl was studied on the physical and chemical properties and electrochemical performance of zinc negolyte, coming up with the optimal ratio of active materials and supporting electrolyte. In addition, a combination of positive electrode that undergoes a liquid-liquid conversion reaction and zinc negative electrode was used to design a novel zinc-based flow battery system. A hierarchical structure electrode was designed to promote the electrochemical performance of sulfur positive electrode.For the optimization of negolyte composition, the effect of KCl on negative electrode of zinc was analyzed using 1M ZnCl2 as the active materials and different concentrations of KCl (0, 1, 2, and 3M) as supporting electrolyte. Physical and chemical properties test revealed that the supporting electrolyte could inhibit the hydrolysis of the active materials in addition to changing the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Meanwhile, a large number of ZnCl42- structures formed in solution. Electrochemical tests revealed that, in addition to the solvation structure, the competitive adsorption of K+ affects the redox kinetics of the negolyte, which has an impact on the morphology of zinc deposition. In zinc-iodine flow battery test, it was found that the enhancement of battery performance can be realized by adjusting the composition of negolyte, and the matching of posotive should also be considered. The adjustment could also change the network of hydrogen bonding and widen the operating temperature range. Finally, based on the system in this paper, the optimal ratio of active materials and supporting electrolyte should be 1∶2 (in terms of ZnCl2 and KCl) or 1∶4 (in terms of Zn elemental content and Cl- content).For the study of a novel flow battery system and the preparation of electrode with hierarchical structure, alkaline sulfur solution was used as the posolyte of zinc-sulfur flow battery. The pH of the negolyte was adjusted to expand the potential difference between positive and negative electrodes to make the system rechargeable. The nickel spheres/porous graphite felt (NiO@GF) electrode was prepared by a two-step reaction. Firstly, the nickel-based metal organic framework material was grown on the graphite felt fibers by solvothermal method, and then NiO@GF was produced by high-temperature pyrolysis in argon. A series of electrodes were produced by varying the pyrolysis temperature and the electrochemical performances were tested. The optimum pyrolysis temperature was measured as 600℃. The aqueous alkaline zinc-sulfur flow battery assembled with this electrode showed reduced polarization and the voltage efficiency improved from 32% to 78% at 10 mA cm-2 compared to graphite felt electrode. This work provides a useful reference for the development of new flow battery systems.