科技人才评价是科研创新活动的“指挥棒”。党的十八大以来，国家充分重视人才评价问题。探索符合科技人才成长规律的评价指标，建立评价标准动态更新调整机制。发挥人才评价“指挥棒”作用，切实发挥人才评价的正向激励作用，是扭转不科学的人才评价导向，克服“五唯”顽瘴痼疾，加快推进教育现代化重要基础。清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院作为我国教育系统唯一承担国家科技重大专项总体任务的单位，是承担国家重大需求、实施人才强国战略，全方位培养、用好人才，加快建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地。然而，在我国现行主要人才评价体系及评价方式的压力下，出现了领军人才队伍逐渐弱化的问题。本文首先梳理总结了中国现行主要人才评价体系的评价理念、评价主客体、评价标准、评价方法、评价周期、评价结果及应用。然后以清华大学核研院核能科学与工程团队为例，分析了该团队所在的学科----国家关键领域----核能科学与技术的特征：1）以工程实践导向、大学科、大团队的学科特征；2）难以量化到个人、难以公开发表、工程问题难以直接转化为科研问题的研究成果转化特征；3）长周期、做中学的人才成长特征。本文从评价理念、评价主客体和方法、评价标准、评价周期、评价结果及应用等6个维度，将核研院的学科特点与现行人才评价体系进行对比，分析核研院教师难以获评国家级重大人才项目奖励的原因主要是：1）评价理念：核工程团体导向的学科特点与个人导向为主的现行评价理念相矛盾；2）评价主客体：核技术领域需要小同行的评价客体与大同行为主的现行评价客体相矛盾；3）评价标准：核技术领域成果难以分配到个人、要求隐形能力素质的质性评价标准与量化指标为主的现行评价标准相矛盾；4）评价周期：核技术领域十年建成一个工程的长周期与短周期为主的现行评价周期相矛盾。最后，本文针对面向国家关键领域的科技人才评价理念、评价主客体和方法、评价标准、评价周期、评价结果及应用等方面提出工程领域的人才评价的建议：1）个人评价与团队评价相结合；2）完善“小同行“专家制度”；3）质性评价与量化评价相结合；4）灵活设置评价周期。
The evaluation of scientific and technological talents serves as the “guiding force ”for research and innovation endeavors.China attaches great importance to the issue of talent evaluation. It has explored evaluation indicators that conform to the growth laws of scientific and technological talents and established a dynamic mechanism for updating and adjusting evaluation standards. Leveraging the role of talent evaluation as a "guiding force" and effectively harnessing its positive incentive effects are crucial for rectifying unscientific talent evaluation orientations, overcoming persistent issues, such as the "breaking the five focuses" enhancing governance capabilities and levels, and accelerating the modernization of education.As the sole institution in the education system entrusted with the overall task of national key scientific and technological projects, the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology(INET) at Tsinghua University is committed to implementing the national strategy for strengthening the country through talent development in the new era. It aims to comprehensively cultivate and utilize talents, address major national needs, and accelerate the establishment of a global talent hub and innovation center. However, under the pressure of the current dominant talent evaluation system and methods in China, there has been a gradual weakening of the leading talent pool.This study firstly reviews and summarizes the evaluation philosophy, subjects, standards, methods, cycles, results, and applications of the current main talent evaluation system in China. Then, taking the Nuclear Science and Engineering team at the INET as an example, this study analyzes the characteristics of the Nuclear Science and Technology in the following aspects:(1)engineering practice orientation, 2)a large-scale collaborative research approach, 3)challenges to quantify individual contributions, publish openly, and directly convert engineering problems into research problems.4)The long-term, learn-by-doing nature of talent development within the discipline.Subsequently, through a comparison with the current talent evaluation system, the reasons why teachers at the INET find it difficult to obtain national-level major talent project awards are analyzed, primarily focusing on:(1)Evaluation Philosophy: Contradictions between the team-oriented nature of nuclear engineering and the predominant individual-oriented evaluation philosophy.(2)Evaluation Subjects: Contradictions between the need for peer evaluation within the nuclear engineering field and the predominant evaluation subjects, which are based on a larger peer group.(3)Evaluation Standards: Contradictions between the qualitative evaluation standards requiring the allocation of nuclear engineering achievements to individuals and the predominant quantitative indicators.(4)Evaluation Cycles: Contradictions between the long construction cycle of nuclear engineering projects and the predominantly short evaluation cycles.Finally, suggestions for talent evaluation in the engineering field focusing on national key areas are proposed regarding evaluation philosophy, subjects, standards, methods, cycles, results, and applications. These recommendations aim to address the unique characteristics and challenges of engineering disciplines, such as Nuclear Science and Technology, in the context of talent evaluation.
