中国大学生的肥胖问题日益严峻，减肥现象不断普遍化。饮食和运动是减肥的关键环节，减肥过程往往呈现多层次和复杂化的特征，肥胖大学生的行为受到多种因素的影响，且存在行为的异化现象，如暴饮暴食。本研究立足我国社会现实，探究肥胖大学生在减肥过程中所面临的情境、个体反应和应对策略，关注饮食和运动行为在减肥过程中的影响因素、变化及其相互关系。本研究以社会学、心理学和体育学相关理论为基础，采用扎根理论研究方法，通过对有减肥经历的肥胖大学生访谈收集数据。本研究共访谈21人，其中男生和女生各有11和10人，研究生和本科生各有8和13名，出现了暴饮暴食异化饮食行为的有14人，访谈总时长3090分钟，转写文字约30万字。使用MAXQDA质性分析软件进行数据分析。通过对访谈数据进行初始编码、聚集编码、轴心编码和理论编码。根据背景→反应→后果的扎根理论研究范式，得出大学生肥胖群体减肥抗争过程的理论性解释框架。在解释框架中，“减肥过程”为核心类属，贯穿始终，“运动”和“饮食”为核心行为表现，具体理论解释为：（1）背景：家庭和社会环境在个体饮食和运动习惯养成中起着关键作用，其中家庭习惯、地域饮食偏好以及社会审美观念等因素共同塑造了个体的肥胖状态。（2）反应：当肥胖形成后，其带来的各种问题严重影响了肥胖大学生的现实生活，于是，他们的减肥动机形成，决定采取减肥措施，主要包括饮食和运动两个方面，不同个体对于饮食和运动有不同的偏好。在减肥不同阶段，影响他们饮食行为和运动行为的因素呈现多样化特征，主要有个人和环境两类因素。（3）后果：个体常常经历减肥初期的积极性、中期的挣扎与彷徨以及后期的自我抗争，而暴饮暴食行为则是一个饮食行为异化的典型体现。最终的减肥结果有成功、失败、半成功、半失败四种，采取不同的减肥方式可能会导致不同的结果，如采取严苛饮食控制的大学生更容易有暴饮暴食行为，反之，则不容易有暴饮暴食行为，但是通常会使减肥失败；配合营养饮食和运动减肥的大学生更容易成功。
The obesity problem among Chinese college students is becoming increasingly serious, and the phenomenon of weight loss is being widely generalised. Diet and exercise are key components of weight loss, and the process is often multi-level and complex, influenced by various factors. There is a phenomenon of behavioural alienation, such as binge eating. This study, grounded in the social reality of China, explores the situations, individual responses, and coping strategies faced by obese college students during weight loss, focusing on the influencing factors, changes, and interrelationships between eating and exercise behaviours in the weight loss process.Drawing on theoretical foundations from sociology, psychology, and sports science, this study adopts the grounded theory research method and collects data through interviews with obese college students who have undergone weight loss. A total of 21 participants were interviewed, comprising 11 males, 10 females, 8 graduate students, and 13 undergraduate students, including 14 individuals exhibiting binge eating behaviours. The interviews totalled 3090 minutes, transcribed into approximately 300,000 words. Data were analysed using MAXQDA qualitative analysis software, employing initial coding, cluster coding, axial coding, and theoretical coding. A theoretical explanatory framework for the weight loss resistance process among obese college students was developed based on the context→reaction→consequence paradigm of grounded theory research.In this explanatory framework, the "weight loss process" is the core category, with "exercise" and "diet" as core behavioural manifestations. The theoretical explanations encompass: (1) Context: Family and social environment significantly influence individual diet and exercise habits, shaping obesity status. (2) Reaction: Obesity prompts individuals to adopt weight loss measures, including diet and exercise, with preferences varying among individuals. (3) Consequences: Weight loss stages entail positivity, struggle, and self-resistance, while binge eating behaviour reflects dietary alienation. Four final weight loss outcomes are identified: success, failure, semi-success, and semi-failure, influenced by dietary approaches and behaviours.
