“承认”概念在当代黑格尔研究中占据着举足轻重的地位。自霍耐特提出“为承认而斗争”的著名论断以来，出现了不少以“承认”概念作为切入点的黑格尔哲学的研究。此外，以黑格尔的承认概念为理论跳板，不少原创性极高的哲学家致力于构建他们自己的社会规范理论。然而在汗牛充栋的黑格尔研究中，“斗争”与“承认”的关系问题并未得到充分的处理。霍耐特倾向于在“斗争”理解为实现“承认”外在手段；在这种阐释下，“斗争”只是在“承认”实现之后便可抛弃的工具。希普则强调“斗争”和“承认”这两个概念在黑格尔哲学中的多义性，并进而认为人们难以在这两个概念之间构建联系。麦克道威尔则在理论哲学的背景下探讨“生死斗争”与主奴关系，由此他一方面降低了“承认”概念在黑格尔哲学中的重要性，另一方面也斩断了“斗争”与“承认”之间的关系。与上述研究不同，本文将指出晚年黑格尔的成熟观点是“斗争即承认”。一方面“斗争”作为否定性的因素内在地镶嵌于承认关系中，因此“斗争”不是在“承认”实现之后便可抛弃的手段，而是如影随形地伴随着“承认”。另一方面，既然“斗争”内在于承认关系，那么承认关系就不是一经实现便停滞不前的静止状态，而是处于自我革新的运动过程之中；因为“斗争”总是会将新的差别、新的个别性因素带入承认关系之中。就此而言，承认关系便保持着开放性与可能性，而所谓“历史的终结”在黑格尔哲学中也并不成立。其余学者未能在“斗争-承认”关系这一问题上给出满意回答的原因之一是，他们过分关注如《伦理体系》、耶拿时期的精神哲学草稿和《精神现象学》等早期文本，而未能注意到晚年黑格尔对“斗争-承认”关系的课堂呈现。相比之下，在 1827-28 年的冬季课程中，黑格尔口授了他有关“斗争”与“承认”的最新思考，而在场的学生以听课笔记的形式将黑格尔的思想记录了下来。本文将以1827-28 年冬季课程的听课笔记为主要文献，阐发黑格尔的“斗争即承认”理论，并以“斗争即承认”为理论透镜，重新审视目前的研究，判明其得失。
The concept of recognition holds a crucial position in contemporary studies onHegel’s philosophy. Since Honneth raised the banner of struggle for recognition, manyscholars have engaged in Hegel’s philosophy from the perspective of recognitionconcept. Besides, based on Hegel’s theory of recognition, many highly originalphilosophers have attempted to construct their own theories on social normativity.However, this article argues that in the extensive studies on Hegel, the relationshipbetween struggle and recognition has not been fully addressed. Honneth tends tounderstand struggle as an external means to achieve recognition; under thisinterpretation, struggle is merely a tool that can be discarded after the realization ofrecognition. Siep emphasizes the ambiguity of the concepts of struggle and recognitionin Hegel’s philosophy and further believes that it is difficult to establish a connectionbetween these two concepts. MacDowell explores the “the life and death struggle” andthe master-slave relationship within the context of theoretical philosophy, leading himto diminish the importance of the concept of recognition in Hegel’s philosophy and tosever the relationship between struggle and recognition.In contrast to the aforementioned studies, this article proposes that the matureviewpoint of late Hegel is struggle as recognition. Firstly, Hegel believes that struggle,as a negative factor, is inherently embedded in the relationship of recognition, sostruggle is not a means to be discarded after the realization of recognition butaccompanies recognition like a shadow. Secondly, since struggle is intrinsic to therelationship of recognition, the recognition relationship is not a stagnant state onceachieved but is in a process of self-renewal; because struggle always introduces newdifferences and individual elements into the relationship of recognition. In this sense,the relationship of recognition remains open and possibilities towards future, and thenotion of the end of history is not maintained by Hegel.This article argues that one reason why other scholars have failed to providesatisfactory interpretations to the struggle-recognition relationship is their excessivefocus on early texts such as System of Ethical Life, Jeaner Systementwürfe, and Phenomenology of Spirit, without taking into account Hegel’s late lectures on the struggle-recognition relationship. In the winter semester of 1827-28, Hegel orallypresented his latest thoughts on struggle and recognition, and the students presentrecorded Hegel’s ideas in the form of lecture notes. This article will primarily use thislecture notes from the winter semester of 1827-28 as the main source, expound onHegel’s struggle as recognition theory, and reexamine current research through the lensof struggle as recognition to assess its merits and shortcomings.
