中国考古纪录片是推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展的重要力量。本研究聚焦于这个以往被忽略的纪录片类型，旨在以叙事为视角和理论框架，对中国考古纪录片进行理论溯源，梳理其演变与发展，挖掘提炼其之于其它纪录片类型的独特之处，并针对这些特点提出了适用于此后考古纪录片创作的叙事策略。本研究深入考古纪录片摄制现场进行田野观察，对多位考古纪录片创作者深度访谈，并对近年来多部优秀考古纪录片进行案例分析，从“‘在场’的力量”“故事的魔力”“呈现的秘密”三个方面对中国考古纪录片进行研究。研究表明，“在场性”是考古纪录片的首要特点。在“主题先行”成为纪录片操作常态的大背景下，考古纪录片由于考古发掘现场的不可预见性、不可重复性、不可控制性等，让“现场”重新回归到纪录片创作的核心，并成为叙事各项因素中最强的力量。在此基础上本文提出考古纪录片特有的操作手法：全记录工程，由此探索出叙事的可能性，并建立起全片的逻辑。具有可发挥空间的故事性是考古纪录片叙事的另一个特点。本文从视角、结构、情节、人物四个要素入手，分析了它们如何用各自的方式让考古纪录片的故事更加精彩：限知视角保证叙事的真实客观；多数采用求证结构和线性结构，在嵌套搭建中焕发叙事结构之美；通过事件排布产生剧情张力，并用悬念设置将情节不断推动下去；既可以人为中心也可以事为中心，在人物塑造的表现形式上较为客观冷静。此外，不同于文字叙事，考古纪录片是影像叙事，具有另一套叙事符号系统。本研究从影像特点、解说词技巧和情景再现三个方面，提炼出其作为综合视听艺术的特点，以及各项元素对于叙事的功能作用，阐释其在完成真实事实讲述的基础上，如何创造考古现场没有直接显现的意义，进行符号和象征的进一步探索。本研究的创新之处在于通过大量田野观察和深度访谈材料，以“局内人”的独家资料和“局外人”的观察视角，运用叙事学等相关理论对考古纪录片的叙事策略进行了深入分析、归纳和总结；并将“理论的叙事”和“实践的叙事”相结合，为考古纪录片的理论研究和实践发展拓展出更广阔的空间，尤其是提炼出可运用于实践的叙事策略，为此后考古纪录片的创作提供借鉴。
Chinese archaeological documentary is an important force in promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Focusing on this previously neglected documentary type, this study aims to trace the theoretical origin of Chinese archaeological documentary from the perspective of narrative and theoretical framework, sort out its evolution and development, excavate and refine its unique features from other documentary types, and put forward narrative strategies suitable for the future production of archaeological documentary.Through fieldwork at the archaeological documentary shooting site, in-depth interviews with a number of archaeological documentary producers, and case analysis of a number of representative archaeological documentaries in recent years, the study explores Chinese archaeological documentaries from the three aspects: “the power of presence”“the magic of story”and“the secret of presentation”.Research shows that“presence”is the primary feature of archaeological documentary. In the context of“theme-first”documentary production, due to the unpredictability, unrepeatability and uncontrollability of archaeological excavation site, archaeological documentary makes“scene”return to the core of documentary production and become the strongest force in the narrative factors. On this basis, the study proposes a unique method of creating archaeological documentary: the full recording project, thus exploring the possibility of narrative and establishing the logic of the whole documentary. Strong storytelling is another characteristic of archaeological documentary narration. The study analyzes how the four elements of perspective, structure, plot and characters make the story more wonderful in their own ways: the perspective of limited knowledge ensures the authenticity and objectivity of the narrative; the most used verification structure and linear structure show the beauty of narrative structure in nested construction; the arrangement of events produces the plot tension and the setting of suspense pushes the plot continuously; it can be both human-centred and event-centred, making the characterization more dispassionate. In addition, different from textual narrative, archaeological documentary is visual narrative with another set of narrative symbol system. The study extracts its characteristics as a comprehensive audio-visual art and the functional role of each element in narrative from three aspects: image features, narration skills and scene reproduction. Then it explains how archaeological documentaries tell the real facts and create meanings that are not directly visible at the archaeological site, and further explore the symbols.The innovation of this study lies in the large number of fieldwork and the reference of in-depth interview materials, and uses narratology and other related theories to deeply analyzes and summarizes the narrative strategies of archaeological documentary from the perspective of exclusive data of“insiders”and the observation perspective of “outsiders”. By combining “theoretical narrative” and“practical narrative”, the study opens up a broader space for the theoretical research and practical development of archaeological documentary, especially extracts practical narrative strategies, and provides references for future archaeological documentary production.
