在我国积极推广核能的过程中，伴随着公众排斥、抵抗的声音。充分认识公众在推广核能项目中的重要地位，理解公众心理，探求公众核能接受度的影响因素及作用机制至关重要。一般而言，人们认识世界会通过系统式路径和启发式路径两种方式。系统式路径需要人们对信息理解、消化、慎思，最终做出决策，这需要付出较多的认知努力。启发式路径则是大脑不愿思考，把决策权交付信任等偏直觉的因素。本研究采用启发式-系统式模型作为框架，以系统式的代表变量——知识（主观知识、客观知识）和启发式的代表变量——信任（中央政府信任、地方政府信任、媒体信任）为自变量，风险感知、收益感知、核能信息接收为中介变量，公众核能接受度为因变量进行考察，探究各变量间的影响关系和作用机制，以及启发式路径和系统式路径的关系。通过对线上512名中国居民的调查，主要得到五点发现：第一，主观知识显著正向预测公众核能接受度。客观知识对核能接受度的影响受到风险感知、收益感知和核能信息接收的遮掩效应。具体而言，主效应、中介效应和直接效应显著，但是中介效应量和直接效应量异号。此外，主观知识对公众核能接受度的影响程度远远高于客观知识。第二，核能信息接收对公众核能接受度的影响不显著，原因在于收益感知在其中起遮掩作用。第三，在三个关于信任的自变量中，公众信任度排名由高到低是中央政府、地方政府、媒体，但是在同一模型中对公众核能接受度影响程度排名由高到低是地方政府信任、媒体信任、中央政府信任。第四，收益感知比风险感知更有效。第五，系统式路径对公众核能接受的影响力比启发式路径高，主观知识对公众核能接受度的影响最强，其次是地方政府信任，最后是客观知识。最后，结合研究发现，本研究倡导在推广核能时，要重点提高公众的收益感知，要着力提升公众对地方政府和媒体的信任，要提高公众的主客观知识水平，要重点关注系统式路径。
In the process of actively promoting nuclear energy in our country, there are voices of public rejection and resistance. It is crucial to fully recognize the important role of the public in the promotion of nuclear energy projects, understand public psychology, and explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of public acceptance of nuclear energy. Generally speaking, people understand the world through two ways: systematic and heuristic paths. The systematic path requires people to utilize existing knowledge or gather new knowledge, digest and ponder it, and ultimately make decisions. The heuristic path, on the other hand, occurs when the brain is reluctant to think and delegates decision-making to factors based on intuition such as trust.This study, from the perspective of information processing, subdivides the formation of public attitudes into reception and acceptance. Using systematic representative variables—knowledge (subjective knowledge, objective knowledge) and heuristic representative variables—trust (trust in the central government, trust in local government, trust in media) as independent variables, perceived risk, perceived benefit, and information reception as mediating variables, and public acceptance of nuclear energy as the dependent variable for examination. The investigation aims to elucidate the impact relationships and mechanisms of action among these variables, as well as the interplay between heuristic pathways and systematic pathways.Through an online survey of 512 Chinese residents, five main findings were obtained: First, subjective knowledge significantly and positively predicts public acceptance. Perceived risk, perceived benefit and information reception have the suppressing effects in the relationship between objective knowledge and public acceptance of nuclear energy. Specifically, the main effects, indirect effects, and direct effects are significant, but the direction of the mediating and direct effects are opposite. Moreover, the impact of subjective knowledge on public acceptance is much higher than that of objective knowledge. Second, the impact of information reception on public acceptance is not significant, because perceived benefit have the suppressing effects in this relationship. Third, among the three trust-related independent variables, the ranking of public trust from high to low is central government, local government, and media. However, in the same model, the ranking of influence on public acceptance of nuclear energy from high to low is local government trust, media trust, and central government trust. Fourth, perceived benefit is more effective than perceived risk. Fifth, the systematic path has a greater impact on public acceptance of nuclear energy than the heuristic path, with subjective knowledge having the strongest impact, followed by trust in local government, and finally objective knowledge.Finally, combining the research findings, this study advocates that in promoting nuclear energy, it is necessary to focus on increasing the public‘s perception of benefits, to strive to enhance the public‘s trust in local governments and media, to improve the public‘s levels of subjective and objective knowledge, and to pay particular attention to the systematic path.
