取得时效制度起源于古罗马法，是大陆法系国家中重要的民法制度，在英美等普通法系国家，也有与之相类似的逆占有制度。是否要在我国建立取得时效制度曾长期处于争论之中，即使《民法典》中已经暂时确定利用善意取得、诉讼时效等制度发挥“取得时效”的部分制度作用，但前述制度均无法完全替代取得时效制度。法律漏洞填补层面，《民法典》第196条第2款将未登记的动产物权请求权排除在了不适用诉讼时效的范畴之外，此种情况下，在时效期间届满后，请求权的相对人一方面产生抗辩权，可以继续占有适用该物，另一方面因物权具有排他性、绝对性，故原所有权人仍拥有空虚的、无实际意义的物权，使得物的所有权与占有长期出于分离状态；实践层面，我国早年不动产登记制度不完善带来的房屋权属问题也需要具体制度确定不动产权属、定分止争。综上，取得时效制度在我国有适用空间，应被纳入我国的民法体系中。我国目前已有的取得时效研究多集中于欧洲主要大陆法系国家及英美等普通法系国家，对于广大的西语国家的取得时效制度研究仍是一片空白。在西语国家，取得时效制度被广泛适用且运行良好，且随着各国民法典进行修订，取得时效制度也在不断更新完善，因此西语国家的法律规定具有较强的学术研究价值和立法层面的借鉴价值。本文选取了西班牙、阿根廷、墨西哥及智利四个西语世界的主要国家作为研究对象，在了解取得时效制度基本理论及发展历程的基础上，阅读整理各国民法典中的具体规定，参考各国权威机构发布的民法典评述及其它研究成果，对取得时效制度的构成要件、法律效果等展开研究。为了对四个国家进行系统的研究，本文从占有、时效期间、客体及其它要素四个实体要素视角归纳各国取得时效具体规定并总结西语国家立法共性，并基于前述比较法考察，从立法模式、实体要素及配套制度三个维度为我国设立取得时效制度提供借鉴。

Acquisitive prescription system originated in ancient Roman law, which is an important civil law system. In the common law system in the United States and other common law system countries, there is also similar to the adverse possession system. Whether to establish the acquisitive prescription system in our country has been in a long time in the debate, even if the civil code has been temporarily determined to use the bona fide acquisition, the statute of limitations and other systems to play the ＂acquisitive prescription＂ part of the system, but the former systems can not completely replace the acquisitive prescription system.Acquisitive prescription system still has room for application and great significance in China. Firstly, the acquisition of the statute of limitations can be used to fill the legal loopholes. Article 196, paragraph 2, of the Civil Code excludes unregistered claims to property rights in movable assets from the application of the statute of limitations. In this case, after the expiration of the period of limitation, the right to claim the right of the opposite party. On the one hand, you can continue to possess the application of the right to defense, on the other hand, because the absolute ownership is exclusive, the original owner still has the meaningless ownership, so that the ownership and possession of long-term out of the separation of state. Secondly, in practice aspect, because China‘s early years of real estate registration system is imperfect, a large number of housing ownership problems arose, which also need to obtain the acquisitive prescription system to determine the ownership of real estate and to stop the dispute. To sum up, the acquisitive prescription system has applicable space in our country, should be incorporated into the civil law system.At present, China‘s existing research on the acquisitive prescription are mostly concentrated in the European major civil law countries and common law countries such as the United States, for the vast number of Spanish-speaking countries of the acquisitive prescription system is still a blank. In Spanish-speaking countries, the acquisitive prescription system is widely applied and in good operation, and with the revision of the civil code of each country, the acquisition of the limitation system is also constantly updated and improved, so the legal provisions of the Spanish-speaking countries have a strong academic research value and the value of the legislative level of reference.This paper selects four major countries in the Spanish-speaking world, namely, Spain, Argentina, Mexico and Chile, as the research object. On the basis of understanding the basic theory and development history of the acquisitive prescription system, it reads and organizes the specific provisions in the civil codes of each country, and refers to the commentaries on the civil codes issued by the authoritative institutions of each country and other research results, and then carries out a research on the constituent elements and legal effects of the acquisitive prescription system. In order to conduct a systematic research on the four countries, this paper summarizes the specific provisions of the statute of limitations in each country from the perspectives of the four substantive elements, namely, possession, period of limitation, object and other elements, and summarizes the common features of the legislation of the Hispanic countries. Based on the aforementioned comparative law study, this paper will provides reference for the establishment of the system of acquisitive prescription of time for our country in the three dimensions of the legislative model, the substantive elements and the ancillary system.