海洋运输是国际货物运输中最主要的运输方式，承担了超五分之四的全球贸易货物量的运输。作为港口集装箱吞吐量位居世界第一的航运大国，港口及船舶大气污染物（NOx、SOx、颗粒物）成为我国沿海城市的主要污染来源之一。近年来，通过国家一系列法规、政策和措施落地，港口大气污染防治取得了一定实践经验，但与部分先进国家相比仍处于起步阶段，总体控制水平不够高，需要得到进一步有效重视。本研究以“一带一路”华南远洋主枢纽港和深圳市交通强国试点建设核心引擎——盐田港为例，试图回答以下几个问题：一是深圳市盐田港的大气污染物排放情况如何？二是我国及深圳盐田港口大气污染治理采取哪些措施、取得哪些成效、仍存在什么问题？三是对标国际国内先进港口，盐田港如何实现进一步减少排放？本研究以集装箱以及所装载的货物为对象，围绕海上集装箱船舶、港口集装箱作业、陆地集装箱运输三大环节，核算盐田港大气污染物现状排放量、占比情况，总结我国和深圳市重点是盐田港大气污染物管控政策，并梳理国内外典型海港大气污染物减排成功案例和先进措施，在此基础上，分析盐田港减排存在的顶层规划设计、法规标准配套、监管执法能力、协同联动机制等方面问题，探讨政策、技术、资金等方面的改进需求，提出构建港口全港区、全链条、全过程的大气污染物治理机制，具体包括九个方面实施路径，推动减排零散的探索性实践阶段进入高效、系统、精准控制阶段，实现较大幅度的大气污染减排。
International shipping is the most important mode of transportation in international logistics，bearing more than four-fifths of the global trade of goods. As a shipping country with the largest port container throughput in the world, port and ship air pollutants (NOx, SOx, particulate matter) have become one of the main sources of pollution in China‘s coastal cities. In recent years, through a series of national regulations, policies and measures, port air pollution prevention and control has gained some practical experience, but compared with some advanced countries, it is still in the initial stage, and the overall control level is not high enough, which needs further effective attention. This study takes Yantian Port, the core engine of pilot construction of the "Belt and Road" South China Ocean main hub port and Shenzhen transportation power, as an example to try to answer the following questions: First, what is the conclusion of the assessment of atmospheric pollutant emissions in Yantian Port? Second, China and Shenzhen Yantian port air pollution control measures taken, achieved what results, what problems still exist？Third, benchmarking against advanced ports, how can Yantian Port further reduce emissions?Taking containers and the cargoes loaded as objects, this study calculated the current emissions and proportion of atmospheric pollutants in Yantian Port by focusing on the three major links of maritime container ships, port container operations and land container transportation, and summarized the air pollutant control policies of Yantian Port in China and Shenzhen. It also sorted out typical successful cases and advanced measures of air pollutant emission control in seaports at home and abroad. On this basis, analyze the top-level planning and design, regulatory and standard matching, regulatory and law enforcement capabilities, and collaborative mechanisms in Yantian Port‘s emission reduction, explore the improvement needs in policy, technology, and funding, and propose the construction of an air pollutant control mechanism for the entire port area, chain, and process, including nine implementation paths, to promote the exploratory practice stage of scattered emission reduction into an efficient, systematic, and precise control stage.
