在技术创新能力逐渐成为衡量综合国力的重要因素的当下，新能源汽车作为我国战略性新兴产业之一，越来越受到关注和重视。通过回溯我国新能源汽车行业发展的关键时间节点，本文发现我国新能源汽车领域迅速发展的时期与特斯拉公司开放技术专利的时间段高度重合。因此本文尝试探讨特斯拉公司开放专利的事件对我国新能源汽车行业技术创新活动是否产生影响，并进一步讨论产生影响的路径和机制，由此提出对我国高新技术行业技术创新的启示。本文根据特斯拉官网上专利开放的信息，选取开放领域和替代领域，并从incopat数据库中获取了2009-2018年间样本领域的专利信息，使用PSM-DID方法进行回归分析。验证了特斯拉专利开放事件对我国纯电动汽车领域和替代能源类型领域技术创新活动的影响，探讨了技术复杂程度对这一效应的调节作用，并发现了创新者的数量在这一影响中起到的中介作用。本文的研究发现：第一，特斯拉专利开放促进了我国新能源汽车相应领域的技术创新活动，抑制了替代领域的技术创新。第二，技术复杂程度对开放领域和替代领域的技术创新存在调节作用。在组成部分不相似的开放领域，受专利开放的影响技术创新数量增加的更多。在对科学依赖程度更大的领域，无论是开放领域还是替代领域，技术创新活动受到专利开放的影响都更小。第三，本文进一步研究发现特斯拉专利开放事件是通过将创新主体吸引至开放领域，增加开放领域专利申请者数，减少替代领域专利申请者数的方式而影响相应领域技术创新的。本文为技术创新和企业专利战略选择的研究提供了来自高新技术行业的具体证据。在企业层面，本文的研究为其他企业在竞争中的专利战略选择提供了新的思路。在行业层面，本文发现在高新技术发展的早期阶段，头部企业的专利战略选择能够有效刺激其他企业的技术创新行为。因此政府通过激励头部企业推出友好的专利战略、积极进行技术合作，将有机会推动技术的快速发展。
In an era where the capability for technological innovation is increasingly recognized as a vital measure of comprehensive national strength, China‘s new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, identified as one of its strategic emerging sectors, is garnering heightened focus and significance. This study examines critical milestones in the evolution of China’s NEV industry, revealing a notable alignment between the sector‘s rapid growth phase and the period when Tesla Inc., a key industry player, made its technology patents accessible. Based on the information on Tesla‘s official website, this study selects patents from both the open-source field and substitute fields, and gathers 2009-2018 patent data from the Incopat database. This employs a PSM-DID regression analysis to investigate the influence of Tesla‘s patent open up on technological innovation within China‘s NEV sector, analyzing the effects and mechanisms behind this impact to derive implications for China‘s advanced technology industries.The findings are as follows: First, Tesla‘s patent opening promotes technological innovation activities in the NEV open-source field and inhibits that in substitute fields. Second, technological complexity has a moderating effect on technological innovation activities in both the open-source and substitute fields. In open-source fields with unsimilar components, the influence of patent openness on technological innovation is magnified. In science-based fields, the influence of patent openness on technological innovation is weakened. Third, the study further finds that Tesla‘s patent strategy influences technological innovation by increasing the number of patent applicants in the open-source fields, and decreasing that in substitute fields.
