成都自古以来属于洪水多发地。自都江堰建成后,岷江不受约束的自然洪灾得到控制,形成辐射状灌溉体系,成为水旱从人的天府之地。但随着快速城市化建设,近十年来大型洪涝灾害频率增加,对城市社会经济发展、人居安全和生态环境都带来威胁,也推动了对包括蓄滞洪区在内的城市防洪系统建设的重视。2018年,成都成为“公园城市”首提地,在探索山水人城和谐相融发展模式、实现人与自然协调共生中扮演先行者角色。滨河湿地作为城市中重要的生态和生活空间,在涵养水源和居民休闲娱乐等方面发挥重要作用,也是公园城市建设理念中的重要内容。将滨河湿地的蓄滞洪功能与提供休闲游憩场所并恢复生物栖息地结合起来,有助于将城市防灾需求与居民活动需求有机融合,促进生态和生活空间协调共生。本文以探索滨河湿地的蓄滞洪、休闲游憩、与生态保育功能相结合的规划设计方法为目的,以成都市温江区鲁家滩为研究对象,以水文模型和定量计算作为蓄滞洪湿地的规划指导,探索可持续、低碳的绿色水利工程设计途径。主要研究包括:(1)对鲁家滩湿地进行了实地踏勘,对该地区的环境条件和水文特征进行分析调研。(2)参照国内外研究成果计算设计洪水,采用MIKE 21软件,为鲁家滩蓄滞洪湿地规划提供数据支撑。(3)基于场地现状、人群需求、蓄滞洪功能与湿地适应性等方面的分析,总结场地存在的主要问题以及规划设计的机遇和挑战,提出鲁家滩蓄滞洪湿地公园规划设计原则和策略。(4)完成复合功能目标导向下的总体规划方案,使场地在满足刚性蓄滞洪功能的基础上,兼顾游憩体验和生物多样性,实现城市滨河湿地公园的多功能发展,进一步完成专项规划和关键节点设计。通过上述分析和实践,本文提出改进传统市政、水利工程单一考虑防洪排涝工程设计的思路和实践方法,将风景园林设计融入防洪体系中,满足市民亲近自然、享受更好生态产品的需求,对推动高质量城镇化,践行绿色、低碳、创新等新发展理念具有积极意义。
Chengdu has been a flood prone area since ancient times. Since the completion of Dujiangyan Project, the unrestrained natural flood of Minjiang River has been controlled, forming a radial irrigation system, and becoming a heaven of flood and drought. However, with the rapid urbanization, the frequency of large-scale flood disasters has increased in the past decade, which has brought threats to the city‘s social and economic development, human settlements and ecological environment, and also promoted the attention to the construction of urban flood control system including flood detention and retarding areas. In 2018, Chengdu became the first place to mention the construction concept of "park city", playing a pioneering role in exploring the harmonious development model of landscape, people and city, and realizing the harmonious coexistence of human and nature. At the same time, as an important ecological and living space in the city, the riverside wetland plays an important role in water conservation and residents‘ leisure and entertainment, and is also an important part of the park city construction concept. Combining the flood detention and retarding function of riverside wetland with the provision of leisure and recreation places, as well as planning and designing for the restoration of biological habitats, helps to organically integrate urban disaster prevention needs with resident activity needs, thereby promoting coordinated coexistence of ecology and living space.The purpose of this study is to explore the planning and design methods of combining flood detention and retarding function, leisure and recreation, and ecological conservation functions of riverside wetlands, taking Lujiatan in Wenjiang District, Chengdu City as the research object, using hydrological model and quantitative calculation as the planning guidance of flood detention and retarding wetland, and explore sustainable and low-carbon green water conservancy engineering design approaches. The study mainly includes: (a) The Lujiatan wetland was investigated in the field, and the environmental conditions and hydrological characteristics of the area were analyzed and investigated. (b) The design flood was calculated with reference to domestic and foreign research results, and the MIKE 21 software was adopted to provide data support for the planning of Lujiatan flood detention and retarding wetland. (c) Based on the analysis of the current situation, people requirement, flood detention and retarding and wetland adaptability of the research site, the main problems of the site, opportunities and challenges of design and planning were summarized, and the planning and design principles and strategies of Lujiatan Flood Detention and Retarding Wetland Park were formed. (d) The composite function goal-oriented overall planning scheme was completed, so that the site could take into account the recreational experience and biodiversity on the basis of satisfying the rigid detention and retarding function, and realize the multi-functional development of the urban riverside wetland park, further the special planning and key node design were completed. Through above analysis and practice, this study puts forward the ideas and practical methods to promote the improvement of the design of traditional municipal and water conservancy projects that consider flood control and drainage projects alone. The landscape architecture design is integrated into the flood control system to meet the needs of citizens to get close to nature and enjoy better ecological products, which is of positive significance for promoting high-quality urbanization and practicing new development concepts such as green, low-carbon, and innovation.