当前我国城市化进程不断加深、社会老龄化日益突出的背景下，康养小镇概念被提出并成为康养产业发展、乡村经济振兴与城乡人居环境建设共同关注的对象。本研究基于康复景观理论、注意力恢复理论与扎根理论，以康养小镇的康复景观构成与感知为切入，综合应用文献分析、实地调研、问卷调研、深度访谈、文本分析等定量与定性研究方法，通过类型归纳、深度描述与模型建立阐述康养小镇作为康复景观的构建途径与形成过程，由典型经验建立康养小镇康复景观构建的理论框架并结合具体建设案例对框架优化。研究得出的主要结论包括：第一，从实践情况看我国康养小镇发端于早期度假活动，目前基于康养资源和主导建设模式已形成多样化特征，按照资源类型有3大类10小类，按照建设模式可划分为4类康养小镇，不同地区对康养小镇的建设各有侧重；第二，当前我国康养小镇形成了特殊的康复景观并呈现多维度解释的特点，在物质、社会与象征维度的表征特点显示各维度间的相互作用，具有内在关联性；第三，康养小镇的康复景观感知模型解释了作为感知对象的康养小镇环境要素即包含物质、社会与象征等3个维度，作为感知特征的远离、魅力、一致与兼容性等4个特征以及作为健康效益的结果之间存在的关联性，由此形成具体的康复景观路径；第四，提出康养小镇的康复景观体系框架，其内涵包括目标、步骤、主体与客体，其中物质维度包含3类空间尺度与2类构成要素，社会维度包含处理的5类关系要素，象征维度包含4类典型介质以及康复景观形成的3条路径即感知路径、效益路径与行为路径。研究创新性方面，第一，系统完整地从康复景观多维度视角出发，突破了以往对物质环境要素的单一维度以及静态的环境决定论视角所带来的研究局限，重视人与场所互动关系以及不同维度相互作用在景观塑造上的路径；第二，借鉴健康地理学、环境心理学、人类学、社会科学等领域的理论与研究方法，引入包括深度描写、文本编码、数据统计方法在内的分析工具，体现学科融合背景下的方法创新；第三，选取当前我国普遍建设的康养小镇作为研究对象，既弥补了康复景观理论应用于中国语境的研究不足，也拓展了处于非凡场所与日常场所之间的康复景观空间类型范畴；第四，研究基于我国国情提出具有适用性的康养小镇景观建设方法、理论框架与实践方案，一定程度上弥补了当前该研究领域的空缺，能为更好地指导康养小镇建设提供参考依据。
Under the current background of deepening urbanization and increasingly prominent social aging issue, the concept of health resort towns has been proposed and become a common concern for the development of the health-wellness industry, the revitalization of rural economy, and the construction of urban and rural living environments. This study is based on the theory of therapeutic landscape, attention recovery theory and grounded theory, taking the composition and perception of the therapeutic landscape of the health resort town as an entry point, and comprehensively applies quantitative and qualitative research methods such as literature analysis, field survey, questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and text analysis. Through type induction, thick description and model establishment, the construction approach and formation process of the health resort town as a therapeutic landscape emerged. The theoretical framework of the construction of the health resort town therapeutic landscape is proposed according to typical cases and the framework is optimized based on a specific planning program.The main conclusions drawn from the study include: First, from a practical perspective, domestic health resort towns originated from early vacation activities. Currently, they have formed diversified characteristics concerning realistic health and wellness resources and leading construction patterns. According to the resource, there are 10 sub-categories of 3 main categories, while according to the construction model, it can be divided into 4 types of health resort towns. Different tendency emerges in regions on the construction project of health resort towns. Secondly, the current health resort towns in China have formed a special therapeutic landscape and present the characteristics of multi-dimensional interpretation. , the representational characteristics in the physical, social and symbolic dimensions show the interaction between each dimension and are intrinsically related; Thirdly, the therapeutic landscape perception model of the health resort town explains that the environmental elements of the health resort town as the object of perception include The relationship between the three dimensions of physical, social and symbolic, the four characteristics of being away, fascination, coherence and compatibility as perceptual characteristics and the results of health benefits form a specific therapeutic landscape path; Fourth, it proposed a therapeutic landscape system framework for health resort towns, which includes goals, steps, subjects and objects. The physical dimension includes 3 types of spatial scales and 2 types of constituent elements, the social dimension includes 5 types of relationship elements, and the symbolic dimension includes 4 types of classic media and 3 paths of the formation of therapeutic landscape that are the perception path, the benefit path and the behavioral path.In terms of research innovation, firstly, it systematically and completely elaborates the landscape of the health resort town from the multidimensional perspective of therapeutic landscape, breaking through the previous research limitations caused by the single dimension of physical environment elements and the static environmental determinism perspective, paying attention to the dynamic relationship between people and places and the interaction of different dimensions in landscape shaping; secondly, it draws on theories and research methods from health geography, environmental psychology, anthropology, social sciences and other fields, and introduce methods and analytic tools such as thick description, text coding, and data statistics., which embodies the innovative work in the trend of discipline integration.; thirdly, the selection of health resort towns in China as the research object not only makes up for the lack of research on the application of therapeutic landscape theory in the Chinese context, but also expands the category of therapeutic landscape space types between extraordinary places and everyday scenes; fourthly, the study proposes applicable health resort town landscape construction methods, theoretical frameworks and practical plans applicable under domestic conditions, which to a certain extent makes up for the current research vacancies in the field and can provide a reference for better guiding the construction of health resort towns.
