青少年竞技体育后备人才培养工作，是我国竞技体育实现可持续发展的基石。体校作为青少年竞技体育后备人才培养的重要单位，是我国竞技体育持续健康发展、助力体育强国建设的重要保证。然而随着发展，原有的“三级训练网”和政府主导下的 “一元培养模式”正面临诸多困境，如何顺应时代发展之需，推进体校改革，是当前所要面对的重要课题。面对体校发展问题，研究从动力机制层面找出削弱体校发展动力的原因，理清体校陷入发展动力不足困局的缘由，为更好地指导未来中国体校的发展实践，以社会运行动力机制理论等为理论基础，以中国体校发展动力机制为研究对象，整合运用文献资料、实地调研、深度访谈、问卷调查、扎根理论方法，对中国各地各级体校中的各类相关人员展开研究，通过对体校发展动力机制的考察，提出提升体校发展动力的对策，使体校更好地服务于我国竞技体育事业的持续健康发展。研究分析了体校发展动力结构、找出了体校发展动力机制影响因素、考察了体校发展动力运行过程、提出了体校发展动力提升对策。发现体校发展动力结构表现为：政府动力主体长期过度依赖体校培养后备人才；体校动力主体重训轻学的办学导向明显；学生动力主体从积极参与体校训练，到群体身份认同普遍缺失。基于建构的由协调整合、激励引导、运行控制、长效保障核心范畴构成的体校发展动力机制影响因素理论模型。对体校动力运行过程进行分析，发现体校动力运行过程表现出：多元整合中心的整合目标不协同、体校“学”与“训”的激励引领有差异、动力主体普遍存在反控制的现象、人才筛选机制下保障体系不健全的特征。从体校发展动力机制影响因素的各部分，依次提出动力提升对策。研究得出以下结论：一、在体校发展历程中各层次动力主体展现出不同的行为特征表现，影响体校发展；二、为把握体校发展动力问题成因，研究运用构建的体校发展动力机制影响因素模型，对体校发展动力运行过程进行考察，提出省市体校通过竞技体育国际竞争力来挖掘动力，从省市体校人才培养向国家队建设来实现动力转化；区县体校通过满足后备人才的成才需要来挖掘动力，通过强化青少年持续参与动机来实现动力转化；三、为解决当前体校发展动力不足的困境，从提高动力转化效能的方面提出体校发展动力提升对策，包括：共创体校的协调整合机制、紧抓体校的激励引领机制、把握体校的运行控制机制、筑牢体校的长效保障机制。

The cultivation of young athletic sports reserves is the cornerstone of the sustainable development of competitive sports in China. As an important unit for the training of young athletic sports reserves, sports schools are an important guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of China's athletic sports and for the construction of a strong sports nation. However, with the development of the original "three-tier training network" and the government-led "one-dimensional training model" is facing a lot of difficulties, how to comply with the needs of the times and promote the reform of sports schools is an important issue to face.In the face of the development problems of sports schools, the study identifies the reasons for weakening the development power of sports schools from the level of power mechanism, clarifies the reasons why sports schools are caught in the predicament of insufficient development power, and better guides the development practice of Chinese sports schools in the future. Taking the theory of the power mechanism of social operation and other theories as the theoretical foundation, and taking the power mechanism of the development of Chinese sports schools as the object of the study, the study integrates the use of literature, field research, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and the theory of rootedness are used to study all kinds of related personnel in sports schools at all levels across China, and to propose countermeasures to enhance the development power of sports schools through the examination of the development power mechanism of sports schools, so as to make the sports schools better serve the sports cause of the sustained and healthy development of China's competitive sports.The study analyzes the structure of the development power of sports schools, finds out the influencing factors of the development power mechanism of sports schools, builds a theoretical model of the influencing factors of the development power mechanism of sports schools, examines the operation process of the development power of sports schools, and puts forward countermeasures for the improvement of the development power of sports schools. It was found that the development power structure of sports schools is as follows: the government power body has been overly relying on sports schools to cultivate reserve talents for a long period of time; the power body of sports schools has an obvious orientation of running schools that emphasizes training but not learning; the power body of students ranges from actively participating in training in sports schools to a general lack of group identity. Based on the theoretical model of factors influencing the development power mechanism of sports schools, which is composed of the core categories of coordination and integration, incentive guidance, operation control and long-term guarantee, we analyze the power operation process of sports schools and find that the power operation process of sports schools shows the following characteristics: lack of synergy in the integration goal of multiple integration centers, lack of synergy in the learning and training of sports schools, and lack of synergy in the training of students, which is the most important factor for the development of sports schools. It is found that the power operation process of sports schools shows the following characteristics: the integration goal of multiple integration centers is not synergistic, the incentive leadership of "learning" and "training" in sports schools is different, the phenomenon of anti-control of the power subject generally exists, and the safeguard system under the mechanism of talent screening is not sound, and it is put forward that the provincial and municipal sports schools can tap the power through the international competitiveness of competitive sports and realize the power transformation from the cultivation of the talents in provincial and municipal schools to the construction of the national team. The district and county sports schools will tap the motivation by meeting the needs of reserve talents and realize the transformation of motivation by strengthening the motivation of youth's continuous participation.The study draws the following conclusions: First, in the course of development of sports schools, the main body of each level of motivation shows different behavioral characteristics, which affects the development of sports schools; Second, in order to grasp the causes of the problem of development motivation in sports schools, the study firstly constructs a theoretical model of the factors influencing the development motivation mechanism of sports schools, and then uses the theoretical model to launch an investigation on the process of the development of motivation in sports schools; Third, in order to solve the dilemma of the lack of motivation in the development of sports schools, the study starts from the aspect of improving the effectiveness of motivation transformation. In order to solve the current dilemma of insufficient motivation for the development of sports schools, the study puts forward countermeasures to enhance the development motivation of sports schools from the aspect of improving the effectiveness of motivation transformation, including: creating a coordination and integration mechanism for sports schools, grasping the motivation and leading mechanism for sports schools, grasping the operation and control mechanism for sports schools, and building a solid long-term guarantee mechanism for sports schools.