迈入新时代，我国教育供给水平伴随社会物质经济的增长不断提高，学生群体对于校园建筑中各类服务空间提出了新的需求。学生宿舍作为高校中重要的空间场域，应对学生多元居住需求进行回应。同时，近年来北京地区高校作为非首都功能疏解对象向外迁移以及全国范围内高校老旧校舍的更新趋势都为高校宿舍面积指标的调整及设计、功能配置优化策略的探讨提供了空间。本文与首都师范大学良乡校区宿舍设计项目推进同步进行。首先对国内外高校宿舍发展历史进行梳理和分析，提炼了国外大学宿舍设计亮点作为设计参考要素，并归纳我国宿舍各阶段发展，结合变化过程对宿舍建设指标的演进进行了系统性总结。之后通过对以北京高校为主的高校学生宿舍建设现状的调研，对高校学生宿舍功能配置进行了基础分析，并结合高校学生居住需求问卷调查论述了高校宿舍补充功能和突破指标的必要性。其后在结合学生实际需求上，通过归纳分析近十年国内知名设计院设计的六十多例新建或改建宿舍案例，并结合相关建筑理论，提出了相应的功能配置原则与生均面积指标配置建议，并对当前高校学生宿舍空间设计要素进行总结。通过对部分高校宿舍相关指标进行的实证性研究，论证了高校学生宿舍面积指标的合理扩张。遵循复合化与弹性化空间设计及功能配置策略，对宿舍单间、楼层、楼栋、社区不同维度空间进行优化，可以有效改善高校宿舍环境及使用体验，满足学生使用需求。最后，将该结论运用于首都师范大学良乡校区宿舍设计项目中进行验证，在现状条件下对该校区南区学生宿舍进行优化设计，包括新建与改建本科生宿舍与新建硕博研究生宿舍，应用前述理论结果，实现功能配置与设计策略和实践有效结合。
Entering the new era, the level of education supply in our country is constantly improving with the growth of social material economy, and the student groups have put forward new demands for various service Spaces in campus buildings. As an important spatial field in colleges and universities, student dormitories should respond to students' diverse living needs. At the same time, in recent years, the outward migration of universities in Beijing as objects of non-capital functional decongestion and the trend of updating old dormitories in universities across the country provide the possibility for updating dormitory-related indicators and optimizing the design and functional allocation strategies.This paper is synchronized with the dormitory design project of the Dingxiang campus of Capital Normal University.Firstly, this paper traces and analyzes the development of domestic and foreign university dormitories, extracts the highlights of foreign university dormitory design as reference, and summarizes the stage development of dormitories in China. Combined with the process, systematically consolidating the evolution of dormitory construction indicators.Secondly Through an extensive investigation into the current status of dormitory construction in universities, primarily focusing on those in Beijing, this part conducts a basic analysis of the functional allocation of university dormitories. Combined with a questionnaire survey on the living needs of university students, exploring the necessity of supplementing functions and breaking through indicators in university dormitories. Afterwards, based on the actual needs of students, by summarizing and analyzing over 60 cases of newly built or renovated dormitories designed by well-known domestic design institutes in the past decade, and combining relevant architectural theories, this paper proposes the corresponding functional allocation principles and suggestions for the allocation of student area indicators, and present the enhancements to the design elements of current university dormitory spaces. Through empirical research on relevant indicators of some university dormitories, it demonstrated the reasonable expansion of the area indicators of university student dormitories. Following the strategies of compound and flexible spatial design and functional allocation, optimizing dormitory rooms, floors, buildings, and communities can effectively improve the environment and user experience of university dormitories and meet the needs of students in university.Finally, the conclusion is applied to the actual dormitory design project for verification and to realize the concept of optimizing the design of student dormitories. Under the current situation of the dormitories in Liangxiang Campus, this paper designs the student dormitories in the south of Liangxiang Campus of Capital Normal University, including the construction and reconstruction of undergraduate dormitories and postgraduate dormitories. According to the actual characteristics of the project and the actual needs of students, the functional configuration in the research is effectively combined with the design strategy and practice.
