沙·巴诺案（Mohd. Ahmad Khan vs. Shah Bano）是印度穆斯林妇女争取权利和反对既定穆斯林属人法的里程碑案件之一，它展现了在印度这样一个复杂多元文化的国家，女性在争取平等权利中所面临的法律多元与性别平等的矛盾。受印度宗教属人法传统以及伊斯兰教义的影响，穆斯林妇女在婚姻家庭领域处于相当不平等的地位，在这起关于离婚穆斯林妇女争取扶养费的案件中，沙·巴诺试图依据1973年《刑事诉讼法》第125条规定，来兑现印度宪法中规定的性别平等原则。不过，沙·巴诺案并非一帆风顺，几番波折后，印度穆斯林女性平等权利的争取仍然与法律多元主义之间存在矛盾，两者间是否能够共存以及如何共存也没有达成一个明确的共识。 基于以上背景，本文拟以印度最高法院经典案例沙·巴诺案为契口，展现在近三十年间，印度社会包含政府、司法机关、社会团体等在内的组织就沙·巴诺案态度的发展与变化，并围绕着属人法与刑事诉讼法、《穆斯林妇女（保护离婚权）法案》与统一民法典、法律多元与性别平等的社会性讨论，详细阐述沙·巴诺案的起源、转折以及尾声。随着法律多元与性别平等问题的讨论日渐深入，法律多元被赋予了宗教少数派身份认同等政治意义，性别平等逐渐隐身，沙·巴诺案所含有的追求平等的荣光也被不断质疑。这引发了印度法律多元与性别平等共存之路的反思：法律多元与性别平等的共存要以性别平等为先，同时尊重法律多元。而这一共存的实现，或可诉诸宪法上的平等原则，以司法判决激活平等原则，并通过立法对判决成果进行巩固，为性别平等的维护和法律多元的空间提纲挈领。

Mohd. Ahmad Khan vs. Shah Bano is one of the milestones of Muslim women's struggle for their rights and against the established Muslim personal laws in India, which demonstrates the contradictory issues of legal pluralism, and gender equality that women face in their struggle for equal rights in a complex and diverse country like India. In the case concerning a divorced Muslim woman's claim for maintenance, Shah Bano attempted to fulfill the principle of gender equality enshrined in the Indian Constitution under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, in the context of the rather unequal predicament of Muslim women in the matrimonial and domestic spheres, influenced by India's tradition of personal laws as well as the teachings of Islam. It is worth pondering that Shah Bano case is not a smooth sailing, after several twists and turns, the fight for equal rights of Muslim women in India is still in contradiction with legal pluralism, and a clear consensus has not been reached between the two.Based on the above background, this paper intends to take the Shah Bano case in the Supreme Court of India as an opportunity to show the development and changes in the attitudes of the Indian society, including the government, the judiciary, and the social organizations on the Shah Bano case in the past fifteen years. By discussing the arguments around the personal law and the Code of Criminal Procedure, The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act and the Civil Code, the legal pluralism and gender equality, the paper also elaborates on the origins, twists and turns, and aftermath of the Shah Bano case. As the debate on legal pluralism and gender equality deepened, legal pluralism was given political significance such as religious minority identity, gender equality became invisible. The glory of the quest for equality contained in the Shah Bano case was gradually erased as well. This has led to a rethinking of the path of coexistence of legal pluralism and gender equality in India: the coexistence of legal pluralism and gender equality should be based on the priority of gender equality while respecting legal pluralism. This coexistence can be achieved by the principle of equality in the constitution, activating the principle of equality through judicial judgments and consolidating the results of judgments through legislation, which will provide a framework for the maintenance of gender equality and legal pluralism.