过去的人文主义者把文学视作人类价值的重要保证，文学体现人类的语言、形象、行动、品格和情感，将人类与动物区别开来。然而，伴随着西方 20 世纪现代和后现代文学和文化思潮的兴起，“人类中心主义”遭到质疑和批判，文学理论和文学批评也出现了显著的“动物转向”。法国理论家吉尔·德勒兹（Gilles Deleuze）通过对卡夫卡和麦尔维尔等文学作家及其作品的思考，创造了“生成-动物”这一概念。在德勒兹看来，文学写作就是一种“生成”，是人类从束缚自身的种种形式、结构和规则中“逃逸”和“解域”，向动物敞开、向非人敞开，进入人和动物、人和非人“难以分辨的区域”。本文第 2、3、4 章以人和动物之间的界线问题为切入点，从语言、个体和身体三个层面分析了“生成-动物”及其与文学的关联。本文第 2 章探讨了文学语言通过“少数语言”与语言的“少数用法”接近语言极限的过程，在极限状态下，非意指的强度性声音取代了表意的语言，人和动物同为符号生命的事实得以揭示，人类语言和动物声音也变得难以分辨。本文第 3章从“异常者”和“个别体”概念出发，探讨了文学人物和文学作家对社会形式和组织结构的脱离，分析他们所处的人类群体和动物集群之间的边缘地带，以及“少数群体”所呈现的个体和集体之间的新型关系。本文第 4 章从“身体”这一人和动物的共同区域出发，结合“无器官的身体”等概念，探讨了动物身体对人类身体及其器官组织的质疑，围绕非人的头、脸、眼将德勒兹与巴塔耶、列维纳斯、阿甘本等理论家进行对照，并分析由文学创造的非人的感知物、情动与感觉的整块。总之，语言、个体和身体层面的“生成-动物”都涉及对规则、形式、组织、系列和结构的脱离，都涉及人和动物之间的、既非人也非动物的极限状态、边缘地带和边界区域。基于此，本文第 5 章从“少数文学”、“文学写作”、“文学与生命”、“斯芬克斯之谜与非人”四个方面进一步阐述了文学的“生成-动物”。根据德勒兹对“少数”与“多数”的区分，人类向动物的生成和“多数文学”向“少数文学”的生成都是一种“生成-少数”。而且，文学的“生成-动物”通过释放“逃逸线”，进入人和动物“难以分辨的区域”，让生命获得健康。然而，文学的“生成-动物”也存在一定的问题，包括危险性、真实性和限制性三个方面，我们对此同样需要保持警惕。总之，德勒兹的“生成-动物”概念促使我们重新思考文学的动物主题，为“动物转向”下的文学理论和文学批评提供了启示。

The humanists of the past saw literature as an important guarantor of human worth, as the embodiment of human words, images, actions, character and emotions, which set humans apart from animals. However, with the rise of modern and post-modern literary and cultural trends in the 20th century, anthropocentrism has been questioned and criticized, and there has been a significant animal turn in literary theory and literary criticism. The French theorist Gilles Deleuze coined the concept of "Becoming-animal" by thinking about great literary writers such as Kafka and Melville and their works. In Deleuze's view, literary writing is a kind of "Becoming", which is the "flight" and "deterritorialization" of human beings from the various forms, structures and rules that bind themselves, opening themselves to animals and non-humans, and entering the "indistinguishable region" between humans and animals and between humans and non-humans. Chapter 2,3,4 of this paper take the boundary between human and animal as the starting point, and analyze the "becoming-animal" and its relation with literature from the three levels of language, individual and body. Chapter 2 of this paper, based on Deleuze's language and sign theory, discusses the process of literary language approaching the limit of language through the "minority language" and the "minority usage" of language. In the limit state, the intensity sound of non-meaning replaces the ideational language, and the fact that human and animal are symbolic beings is revealed, and human language and animal voice become indistinguishable. Chapter 3 of this paper, starting from Deleuze's concepts of "abnormity" and "individuality", explores the separation of literary characters and writers from social forms and organizational structures, analyzes the borderline between human groups and animal groups in which they live, and the new relationship between individuals and collectives presented by "minority groups". Chapter 5 of this paper, starting from the common area of human and animal "body", combined with Deleuze's concepts of "A body without organs", "flesh" and "affect", discusses the doubts of animal body on human body and its organs and tissues, and compares Deleuze with theorists such as Bataille, Levinas and Agamben around the non-human head, face and eyes. And analyze the whole block of non-human perception, affect and feeling created by literature. In short, "becoming-animal" at the linguistic, individual, and bodily levels all involve a departure from rules, forms, organizations, series, and structures, as well as limit states, borderlands, and boundary areas between humans and animals that are neither human nor animal. Based on the conclusions of the previous three chapters, Chapter 5 analyzes the "becoming-animal" of literature from the four aspects of "minority literature", "literary writing", "literature and life", "the mystery of the Sphinx and inhuman". According to Deleuze's distinction between "minority" and "majority", the generation of human beings to animals and the generation of "majority literature" to "minority literature" is a kind of "becoming-minority". Literary writing releases "line of flight" into "indistinguishable zones" for humans and animals, also, "becoming-animal" of literature is a positive affirmation of life. However, there are also some problems in the "becoming-animal" of literature, including danger, validity and limitation, which we need to be vigilant about. To sum up, Deleuze's concept of "becoming-animal" prompts us to rethink the animal theme of literature, and provides inspiration for the development of literary theory and literary criticism under the "animal turn".