我国城市的街道办事处作为市县区政府的派出机关，是连接政府与社会的“最后一公里”，但街道办“责任无限大、权力无限小”的现状是目前困扰基层治理和基层减负的重要问题之一。本文以新疆维吾尔自治区奎屯市T街道为典型案例，采用基于问卷调查的定量分析与半结构化访谈的定性分析相结合的研究方法，以上级主管部门负责人和T街道接受《中华人民共和国监察法》所覆盖的从事基层治理工作的公职人员为对象进行问卷调查，以奎屯市委、市政府相关部门、街道办事处和社区的相关负责同志作为深度访谈对象，实证研究街道办权责不匹配问题的现状、成因、干部认知及其对基层治理的影响。研究表明，街道办存在较为严重的权责不匹配问题，成因来自地方－基层行政体系长期积累的决策与执行的职责矛盾，这些矛盾经常体现在干部队伍作为职责承担主体的认知上。通过对数据进行回归分析可知权力赋予、职责定位、责任担当、干部对职责的认知四个方面对T街道权责不匹配情况影响最为显著，使得在日常工作中存在街道在赋予自身权力方面缺乏主动权、工作缺乏有效抓手、与常规组织责任界定不清晰、问责压力大等方面的问题。并且，从任务型组织的权责、环境应变能力、与常规组织冲突三个视角出发，笔者利用定性访谈资料深化对定量分析发展的理解，深入探讨每个视角下导致街道权责不匹配的具体问题的具体原因，主要涉及赋予街道权力不充分、街道责任边界不清、街道权责相关法律规章制度不完善；街道各类资源配置不到位、公职人员责任担当不够、街道社区干部对职责的认知不清晰；条块关系不对等、各级部门层层加码和街社职能衔接不畅九个方面的原因导致街道权责不匹配现象的存在。基于T街道现状和实证分析结果，结合深度访谈具体内容，提出了健全街道权责相关法律规章制度、明确条块分工内容、严格落实街道工作准入制、建立健全统一的考核评价体系、提升社区自治能力五个方面的对策建议。

Sub-district offices in urban areas of China function as local government agencies at the county or district level, acting as the “last mile” connection between the government and society. However, a significant challenge in grassroots governance and reducing the burden at the grassroots level is the existing situation where sub-district offices have extensive responsibilities but limited power.This paper specifically focuses on the T Sub-district in Kuitun, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, as a typical case. The research methodology combines quantitative analysis using a questionnaire survey with qualitative analysis through semi-structured interviews. The survey targets the heads of higher-level authorities and public officials engaged in grassroots governance work within the T Sub-district, as defined by the Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China. In-depth interviews were conducted with relevant heads from departments of the Kuitun Municipal Committee and Municipal Government, the sub-district office, and relevant communities. Empirical research was then conducted to examine the current status of the power-responsibility match in the sub-district office, identify its causes, explore cadres’ perceptions, and assess its impact on grassroots governance.Research findings indicate that the office of T Sub-district faces a significant issue of mismatched powers and responsibilities. The root causes of this problem can be attributed to longstanding contradictions between decision-making and execution within the local grassroots administrative system. These contradictions often manifest in the perceptions of the cadre workforce, who are primarily responsible for carrying out these duties. Regression analysis of the data reveals that the most significant factors affecting the power-responsibility match in the T Sub-district are power allocation, role positioning, responsibility assumption, and cadres’ perception of their responsibilities. These factors give rise to various challenges in the day-to-day work of the sub-district office, such as a lack of initiative in acquiring power, ineffective means to carry out tasks, an unclear definition of responsibilities compared to conventional organizational norms, and significant accountability pressure. To deepen the understanding gained from quantitative analysis, the author utilized qualitative interview data to explore the specific reasons behind the power-responsibility mismatch in the sub-district office, considering factors such as the task-oriented organization’s power and responsibility, environmental adaptability, and conflicts with conventional organizations. The reasons revealed include inadequate power allocation, unclear boundaries of responsibilities, and incomplete legal systems and regulations related to power and responsibilities. Additionally, issues such as insufficient allocation of various resources, lack of accountability among public officials, and a limited understanding of responsibilities among sub-district and community cadres also contribute to this issue. Unequal relationships between different administrative levels, the accumulation of responsibilities from higher-level authorities, as well as poor coordination between sub-district and community functions are also contributing factors.Based on the reality of T Sub-district and the empirical analysis results, along with the specific content derived from in-depth interviews, the following countermeasures and recommendations are proposed in five aspects: improve the relevant laws and regulations on street rights and responsibilities, clarifying the division of labor between different administrative levels, strictly implementing the sub-district work access system, establishing a sound and unified assessment and evaluation system, and strengthening community self-governance capacity.