《中华人民共和国人民防空法》中规定，人民防空是国防的组成部分，实行长期准备、重点建设、平战结合的方针。“平战结合”指的是将人防工程战时防护功能与平时开发利用相结合，人防工程的平战结合机制主要包括产权归属、使用许可、收益处置、安全管理、维护使用和平战转换等方面。本文以中央和国家机关为例，主要采用定性分析的方法，以中央和国家机关各单位人防管理部门工作人员和各单位干部职工为问卷调查对象和访谈对象，围绕以下问题进行讨论：当前人防工程平战结合机制运行的具体模式有哪些？这些模式是否能真正有效推动人防工程平战结合？能实现人防工程平战结合的举措有什么？通过本文研究结果表明，人防工程平战结合机制运行并不顺畅。人防工程平战结合政策执行主体和客体存在8个主要问题，具体包括：人防工程所有权单位与使用单位权责不统一，存在管理较为混乱的问题；缺乏人防工程维护经费，相关工作难以开展；人防工程平时开发利用缺乏激励机制，大量人防工程闲置；人防工程维护使用缺乏专业力量，不敢用不会用；人防工程平战转换工作薄弱，难以有效平战结合；人防工程建设缺少前瞻性规划，平时功能与战时功能融合程度不高；对于人防工程的概念及作用缺乏了解；对于人防工程的平战结合存在抵触情绪。研究在结合实证并运用政策工具的4个维度深入分析背后原因的基础上，提出了6个方面的对策建议，具体包括：完善组织建设，增强政策执行主体的管理意识；加大制度指导，明确平战结合机制中的模糊之处；畅通经费渠道，保障人防工程维护使用；鼓励开发利用，为平战结合工作建立激励机制；引入社会服务，为人防工程平战结合培养专业力量；做好政策宣贯，在人防工程平战结合中民主决策。

According to the "People's Air Defense Law of the People's Republic of China," civil air defense is an integral part of national defense, adhering to the principles of long-term readiness, key construction, and the integration of peace and wartime measures. The "integration of peace and wartime measures" refers to the combination of wartime protective functions of civil defense projects with their routine development and utilization. The mechanism for the integration of peace and wartime measures in civil defense projects mainly involves property ownership, usage permits, revenue disposal, safety management, maintenance and usage, as well as the transition between peace and wartime states. Taking the central and state organs as an example, this paper primarily employs qualitative analysis. It conducts questionnaire surveys and interviews with personnel from civil defense management departments of various units under the central and state organs, as well as cadres and staff of these units, focusing on the following issues for discussion: What are the specific modes of operation for the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime? Can these modes effectively promote the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime? What measures can be taken to realize the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime?The research results of this paper indicate that the operation of the mechanism for the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime is not smooth. There are eight main issues involving the subjects and objects responsible for implementing policies related to the integration of civil defense projects: inconsistent rights and responsibilities between civil defense project owning units and using units, leading to chaotic management; a lack of maintenance funds for civil defense projects, making related work difficult to carry out; a lack of incentive mechanisms for the routine development and utilization of civil defense projects, resulting in a large number of idle civil defense projects; a shortage of professional forces for the maintenance and usage of civil defense projects, leading to hesitancy and incompetence in their use; weak efforts in the transition between peace and wartime states for civil defense projects, making it difficult to effectively integrate peace and wartime measures; civil defense projects engineering construction lacks forward-looking planning, and the integration degree of peacetime functions and wartime functions is not high; a lack of understanding regarding the concept and role of civil defense projects; and a sense of resistance towards the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime.Based on the in-depth analysis of the underlying reasons combining empirical evidence and applying policy tools in four dimensions, this research puts forward six sets of countermeasures and suggestions. These include: improving organizational construction to enhance the management awareness of policy implementers; strengthening system guidance to clarify ambiguities in the integration of peace and wartime measures; ensuring funding channels to guarantee the maintenance and usage of civil defense projects; encouraging development and utilization, establishing incentive mechanisms for the integration of peace and wartime measures; introducing social services to cultivate professional forces for the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime; and conducting effective policy advocacy and democratic decision-making in the integration of civil defense projects in peace and wartime.