联合国可持续发展目标第五项是实现性别平等，实现性别平等离不开对于妇女权益和儿童权益的保护。而家庭暴力仍然是阻碍我们实现这一目标，保障性别平等和儿童权益的障碍之一。随着社会文明的发展和两性平等意识的觉醒，越来越多的人开始关注到家庭暴力问题，帮助家暴受害者。然而，在家庭暴力中，并非只有施虐者和受虐者，目睹家庭暴力的儿童往往也深受其害，儿童却因其缺乏民事能力也没有经济能力，非常容易被忽视。因此，如何通过国家立法、社会帮助、机构管理以及社会责任共担的方式保障儿童免受家庭暴力的影响，是一个亟待解决的问题。本文主要采用文献分析法和实证研究法，通过文献分析初步确定需要研究的问题和相关理论，然后通过研究231个在裁判文书网上公开的关于抚养权及家庭暴力的判例，发现现有制度下保护目睹儿童的缺失，紧接着针对发现的问题，通过大量相关文献的深入探讨当下制度和法律在儿童寻求帮助和承接机制上的不足，依据以上研究发现提出目睹家庭暴力儿童保护的政策和法律机制相关建议，以弥补现有研究的不足。研究回顾了目睹家暴对儿童的影响以及儿童权利保护相关理论文献，国内从政策和法律角度研究保护目睹家暴儿童仍然存在空白。通过研究分析司法实践中的判例和文献，了解现行政策法律框架下，在家庭暴力判例中儿童处于被动接受分配的状况，目睹儿童也并未被确认成为受害者，同时不存在专门的救济机构针对这一弱势群体。从儿童视角出发，分析了儿童求助行为的根本原因，包括主观上没有民事能力和经济能力需要依赖监护人，以及客观环境的进一步阻碍。另外又从承接社会主体运作机制的角度论证了缺乏对于目睹家暴儿童承接的社会机构，以及司法系统“不求不理”的消极现状。最后，从利益相关者的角度出发，提出了依托政府、家庭、教育机构、社区、社会组织以及新闻媒体协作构建保护网络，共同发挥作用的改善建议，以居委会为依托成立儿童中心；教育机构将相关培训纳入体系，发挥更大的保护作用；执法机关改善执法流程，司法机关明确家暴认定要求，对目睹家暴在法律中予以认定，并落实各项存在的保护措施包含“人身保护令”、“强制报告”等；发挥社区和社会组织的更大力量以及在全社会营造良好的反家庭暴力氛围，积极宣传各项保护政策，以创造一个安全的、促进儿童健康成长和自由发展的社会。

The fifth Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations aims to achieve gender equality, and achieving gender equality is inseparable from the protection of women's and children's rights. However, domestic violence remains a barrier to achieving this goal and safeguarding gender equality and children's rights. With the development of social civilization and the awakening of gender equality consciousness, more and more people have begun to pay attention to the issue of combating domestic violence and assisting its victims. However, in cases of domestic violence, there are not only perpetrators and victims, but also children who witness domestic violence, often suffering significant harm themselves. However, due to their lack of legal and economic capacity, these children are often overlooked. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to address how to protect children from the impact of domestic violence through national legislation, social assistance, institutional management, and shared social responsibility.This study primarily employs literature analysis and empirical research methods. Initially, the research questions and relevant theories were identified through literature analysis. By examining 231 publicly available judicial cases regarding custody and domestic violence on legal databases, it was discovered that the existing system lacks protection for children witnessing domestic violence. Addressing these identified issues, extensive exploration of current deficiencies in the system and legal frameworks regarding children seeking assistance and assistance mechanisms was conducted through an in-depth analysis of relevant literature. Based on these research findings, policy and legal mechanism suggestions for the protection of children witnessing domestic violence are proposed to address the identified gaps in existing research.The study reviews literature on domestic violence, the impact of witnessing domestic violence on children, and related theories on child rights protection. Despite domestic efforts, there still exists a gap in researching the protection of children witnessing domestic violence from a policy and legal perspective. Through the analysis of judicial practices and relevant literature, it was revealed that under the current policy and legal framework, children in domestic violence cases are passively allocated, and children witnessing domestic violence are not recognized as victims, with no specialized relief institutions for this vulnerable group. Furthermore, from the perspective of children, the fundamental reasons for their reluctance to seek help were analyzed, including the lackIIABSTRACT of civil and economic autonomy, dependency on guardians, and further constraints in the environment. Additionally, from the perspective of the current mechanism of social entities, the lack of social institutions for assisting children witnessing domestic violence, along with the passive state of the judicial system, were discussed. Finally, recommendations were proposed from the perspective of stakeholders, suggesting collaborative efforts involving government, families, educational institutions, communities, social organizations, and media to establish a protective network. These recommendations include establishing children's centers under Resident’s Committees, incorporating relevant training into educational systems to enhance protection, improving law enforcement procedures, clarifying domestic violence recognition requirements within the judicial system, and implementing various protective measures such as personal protection orders and mandatory reporting. Moreover, greater emphasis on the role of communities and social organizations, along with efforts to foster a societal atmosphere against domestic violence, was advocated, actively promoting protective policies and laws to create a safe environment conducive to the healthy growth and development of children.