研究背景与研究问题：老旧小区改造是城市更新的一个重要形式。既有研究大多关注于专业技术和机制运作层面，协同治理研究还不多，更少的是研究央产房协同治理。北京市是中央和国家机关集中驻地，央产房已成为老旧小区的重要组成部分。央产房老旧小区改造全面启动后，在协同方面遇到了一些困难。本文将通过案例展开探讨（1）央产房老旧小区改造在协同治理方面存在哪些问题。（2）产生问题的原因是什么。（3）如何提高协同治理水平。理论基础、研究假设与理论模型：（1）理论基础。老旧小区改造行为过程具备协同治理理论所具备的治理主体的多元性、治理权威的多样性、子系统的协作性、社会秩序的稳定性等特征，适用于该理论。（2）研究假设。改造必须协同合作才可实施；在合作过程中，多元主体依据自身的权力和资源，在影响力或技术等方面互相博弈，以实现一元主体利益分配的最大。（3）理论模型。从央产房老旧小区改造5类主体（主导单位主体、业主主体、行政职能主体、市场主体、社会资本主体）的职能与诉求、主体之间的互动关系、协同架构等层面进行分析，形成“多元协同主体—主体互动关系—协同治理架构”的分析框架。研究情景与研究方案：（1）研究情景。某中央和国家机关（以下简称J机关）作为主导者，分别在2020年和2022年实施的2个央产房改造项目。（2）研究方案。第一，通过文献研究，尽量全面深入了解关于老旧小区协同治理研究的最新学术成果，特别是专门关于央产房的论文。第二，向2个小区发放调查问卷共463份，并部分入户摸底。第三，对2个小区直接参与改造的16名主体代表进行半结构化访谈。通过以上工作，归纳2个小区的共性问题，并使用分析框架，找出原因，提出对策。研究结论：（1）多元主体自身存在的问题有，产权单位受到政策约束，不能完全以业主利益为导向；涉及业主个人自身利益时，业主主体集体行动难以达成一致；行政职能主体有“搭便车”和一劳永逸思想；市场主体对多数主体特别是业主主体“不感冒”。（2）协同治理架构存在的问题有，自下而上的影响力不足；主体之间相互监督乏力；互动关系仍存在弱点和盲点。（3）为最大限度保障业主主体权益，建议打通中央和国家机关与北京市之间的改造政策壁垒；探索业主主体全过程参与形式，加强业主主体对其他主体的监督；完善利益协调机制，转化对立为协同；吸纳多渠道资金注入央产房改造资金池。
AbstractResearch background and problems: The reconstruction of old residential areas is an important form of urban renewal. Most of the existing studies focus on professional technology and mechanism operation, but there are few studies on collaborative governance, and even less studies on the central delivery room as a case through collaborative governance theory. Beijing is the centralized residence of the central and state organs, and the central maternity room has become an important part of the old community. After the transformation of the old district of the central maternity room was fully started, there were some difficulties in coordination. This paper will discuss through cases (1) what problems exist in collaborative governance in the transformation of old residential areas of central maternity room. (2) What is the cause of the problem? (3) How to improve the level of collaborative governance.Theoretical basis, research hypothesis and theoretical model: (1) Theoretical basis. The behavioral process of the transformation of old residential areas has the characteristics of pluralism of governance subjects, diversity of governance authority, cooperation of subsystems, stability of social order and so on, which is suitable for this theory. (2) Research hypothesis. The transformation must be carried out in cooperation; In the process of cooperation, multiple subjects play with each other in terms of influence or technology according to their own power and resources, so as to achieve the maximum benefit distribution of unitary subjects. (3) Theoretical model. This paper analyzes the functions and demands of five types of subjects (the main body of leading units, the main body of owners, the main body of administrative functions, the main body of market, and the main body of social capital), the interaction relationship between the main bodies, and the collaborative structure, and forms an analytical framework of "multiple collaborative subject-subject interaction relationship-collaborative governance structure".Research scenario and program: (1) Research scenario. A central and state organ (hereinafter referred to as Organ J), as the leader, implemented two central maternity room renovation projects in 2020 and 2022 respectively. (2) Research program. First, through literature research, try to fully understand the latest academic achievements on collaborative governance of old residential areas. Second, a total of 463 questionnaires were distributed to 2 communities, and some households were found out. Third, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 principal representatives directly involved in the transformation of 2 communities. Through the above work, the common problems of the two communities are summarized, and the analysis framework is used to find out the reasons and put forward countermeasures.The research conclusions are as follows: (1) The problems of the multiple subjects themselves are as follows: the property right units are subject to policy constraints and cannot be completely oriented to the interests of the owners; It is difficult for owners to reach a consensus on collective actions when their own interests are involved. The main body of administrative function has the thought of "free riding" and "once and for all". Market players are "not interested" in most players, especially owners. (2) The problems of collaborative governance structure include insufficient bottom-up influence; Weak mutual supervision among subjects; Interactions still have weaknesses and blind spots. (3) In order to maximize the protection of the owner's main rights and interests, it is proposed to open up the renovation policy barriers between the central and state organs and Beijing; Explore the whole process of the owner's participation forms, strengthen the owner's supervision of other subjects; We will improve the mechanism of interest coordination and transform confrontation into collaboration. Absorb multi-channel funds into the central maternity room renovation fund pool.
