磷渣是电炉火法冶炼黄磷时排放的副产物，我国每年排放的磷渣超过800万吨。磷渣拥有Ca、Si、Mg和Al质的化学组成和玻璃体的矿物组成，是潜在的碱激发胶凝材料的原材料。目前关于碱激发矿渣和碱激发粉煤灰的研究很多，关于碱激发磷渣的研究较少。本文以氢氧化钠和水玻璃为碱激发剂，研究了碱含量和模数对碱激发磷渣工作性、力学性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性和抗泛碱性的影响，并探索了其机理。首先，从水化反应的角度揭示碱含量和模数对流动度损失的影响。孔溶液中Al与Ca和Mg之间的相互抑制作用是影响水化产物生成速率和流动度损失速率的重要因素。水玻璃中Si通过键合溶解的Ca、Mg和Al使磷渣颗粒表面钝化层变薄促进磷渣溶解。孔溶液中Al与Ca和Mg之间的相互抑制作用相差不大时，水化产物缓慢生成，流动度损失较慢；Al与Ca和Mg之间的相互抑制作用相差过大时，含过量元素的水化产物快速生成，流动度损失较快。其次，研究碱激发磷渣的水化、微结构和力学性能之间的关系。模数对水化和抗压强度的影响具有两面性。Ca2+取代Na+使N-A-S-H转化为C-N-A-S-H，转化过程也伴随着脱Al。C-N-A-S-H(高Na)的干燥收缩较大易使浆体开裂。高碱低模数时，较多的C-N-A-S-H(高Na)使浆体中产生较多裂缝，损害后期强度发展。浆体越致密，强度越高；浆体致密度与水化产物种类、生成量和生成速率有关。再次，研究碱激发磷渣的抗Na2SO4和MgSO4侵蚀性，并比较两者异同。Na2SO4侵蚀过程中，线性膨胀主要受C-N-A-S-H膨胀控制，Na2SO4促进C-N-A-S-H聚合收缩，有助于减小线性膨胀。MgSO4主要从破坏C-N-A-S-H和生成Mg(OH)2两方面起侵蚀作用，C-N-A-S-H转变为M-N-A-S-H，Mg(OH)2既会导致膨胀也会抑制膨胀。高碱低模数时，碱激发磷渣表层致密Mg(OH)2保护层抑制MgSO4侵蚀。碱激发磷渣具有优异的抗Na2SO4侵蚀性，但抗MgSO4侵蚀性较差。最后，研究碱激发磷渣的抗泛碱性。水玻璃激发磷渣中C-N-A-S-H的抗泛碱性高于氢氧化钠激发磷渣中C-N-A-S-H的抗泛碱性。泛碱不仅会使C-N-A-S-H脱Na、脱Al、聚合收缩，还会破坏C-N-A-S-H在浆体中分布的均一性。泛碱结晶生长和C-N-A-S-H收缩导致净浆开裂。骨料可以有效抑制碱激发磷渣净浆的泛碱和开裂，也有助于强度发展。

Phosphorus slag is the by-product of the production of yellow phosphorus by electric furnace, and its annual emissions exceed 8 million tonnes in China. Phosphorus slag is mainly composed of CaO、SiO2、MgO and Al2O3, it contains a large proportion of amorphous aluminosilicate, and it is the potential raw material of alkali-activated cement. At present, there are many studies on alkali-activated slag and alkali-activated fly ash, but alkali-activated phosphorous slag, as a new type of alkali activated cementitious material, is less studied. In this paper, NaOH and waterglass are used as alkaline activators to study the effects of alkali dose and silicate modulus on the workability, the mechanical properties and the resistance to sulfate attack and efflorescence of alkali-activated phosphorous slag, and their influence mechanism also is explored.Firstly, the influence mechanism of the alkali dose and silicate modulus on the workability evolution of alkali-activated phosphorus slag is revealed from the perspective of the hydration reaction. The mutual inhibition occurs between Al and Ca and between Al and Mg in the pore solution of alkali-activated phosphorus slag, and the mutual inhibition is an important factor affecting the formation rate of hydrates and the rate of slump loss. Soluble Si in waterglass promotes the dissolution of phosphorus slag, which can be attributed to the quick bonding of dissolved Ca, Mg and Al with soluble Si and the weakening of the passivation adsorption layer of Ca, Mg and Al on the surface of phosphorus slag particles. When there is little difference in the magnitude of mutual inhibition between Ca, Mg and Al in the pore solution, all hydrates are generated slowly; thus, the slump losses of the pastes are slow; however, when there is a large difference in the magnitudes of their mutual inhibition, some hydrates containing excess elements are quickly produced; thus, the slump losses of these pastes occurred rapidly.Secondly, the relationship among the hydration, the microstructure and the mechanical properties of alkali-activated phosphorus slag is studied. Silicate modulus has both positive and negative effects on the hydration and compressive strength. Na+ in N-A-S-H could be replaced by Ca2+, so N-A-S-H is transformed into C-N-A-S-H, which is accompanied by dealumination. C-N-A-S-H (high Na) whose dry shrinkage is larger is easy to cause the crack in paste. When the alkali dose is high and the silicate modulus is low, more C-N-A-S-H (high Na) cause more cracks in paste, which is harmful to the strength development at later ages. The denser the paste is, the higher the strength; and the density of paste is related to the type, amount and formation rate of hydrates.Thirdly, the resistance of alkali-activated phosphorus slag to Na2SO4 and MgSO4 attack is studied, and their similarities and differences are compared. During Na2SO4 attack, the micro strain is mainly controlled by C-N-A-S-H expansion. Na2SO4 promotes C-N-A-S-H polymerization shrinkage, which is of benefit to decrease the micro strain. MgSO4 attack is mainly through destroying C-N-A-S-H and producing Mg(OH)2, C-N-A-S-H is transformed into M-N-A-S-H, and Mg(OH)2 can both cause expansion and inhibit expansion. When the alkali dose is high and the silicate modulus is low, the dense Mg(OH)2 protective layer on the surface of alkali-activated phosphorus slag inhibits MgSO4 attack. Alkali-activated phosphorus slag possesses excellent resistance to Na2SO4 attack, but poor resistance to MgSO4 attack.Finally, the resistance of alkali-activated phosphorus slag to efflorescence is studied. The efflorescence of C-N-A-S-H in NaOH-activated phosphorus slag is more serious than that of C-N-A-S-H in waterglass-activated phosphorus slag. The efflorescence not only causes the Na dissolution, dealumination and polymerization shrinkage of C-N-A-S-H, but also destroys the homogeneity of C-N-A-S-H distribution in paste. The crystallization growth of efflorescence and C-N-A-S-H shrinkage result in the crack of paste. Aggregates can effectively inhibit the efflorescence and crack of alkali-activated phosphorous slag paste, and also contribute to the strength development.