山区，特别是高海拔山区孕育着世界的众多大江大河，为地球16亿人口提供赖以生存和发展的水资源。山区地形、土地利用复杂多变，陆气耦合机理和参数化方案研究对准确模拟区域大气过程至关重要。本文将三维太阳辐射方法、次网格动力方法引入高分辨率WRF模式，研发地形耦合效应参数化方案，并在高海拔山区河谷和低海拔山区水库开展应用。采用高分辨率WRF模式，在亚东河谷开展复杂地形对降水过程和组分的影响研究；在密云水库，研究大面积人工水体与山地的陆气交互过程，揭示湖陆风、山谷风、水库气候效应的相互作用机理。 在亚东河谷地区，采用三维太阳辐射效应理论和次网格动力效应方法，发展了WRF模式地形太阳辐射效应参数化方案、地形动力效应参数化方案，提高了高原山区典型场次降水模拟精度。地形太阳辐射效应参数化方案使得亚东河谷的坡面接收更多辐射得到加热（0.09~0.20°C），在坡面形成更强上坡风（0.02~0.08 m/s），将河谷水汽带入坡面，水汽在坡面以上区域爬升并形成降水，导致河谷区域降水减少（-4.54~-3.34 mm）、坡面以上区域降水增多（0.59~2.82 mm）；地形动力效应参数化方案强化气流的爬坡抬升作用，暖湿水汽在喜马拉雅山南坡形成更多降水后急剧衰减，进入北坡的水汽减少（-0.51 g/kg），导致北坡降水减少（-5.30 mm）。 基于耦合地形热力和动力作用方案的WRF模式模拟结果，发现喜马拉雅山南坡主要受到动力作用而发生降水，北坡主要受到热力作用而发生降水。高原山区降水冰相粒子活跃，冰粒子含量较高（~10 g/kg）。地形耦合效应方案能更好地刻画高原山区降水和云微物理过程的发展，包括固态水凝物、液态水凝物变化过程。 在密云水库地区，针对典型热浪天气下WRF模式不同下垫面情景的模拟表明，由于湖陆风、山谷风的叠加增强作用，密云水库局地气候效应具有明显的日内变化特征。夜间（20:00-06:00）密云水库呈现暖湖效应（~3°C），日间（06:00-20:00）密云水库呈现冷湖效应（~7°C）；模拟发现夜间暖湖效应加剧水库下风向的西南部平原地区气温增高（~1.2°C），较高的气温将近地面水汽输送到高层，日间近地面比湿降低，促使西南部平原地区日间呈现“更热、更干”的气候效应，加剧日间高温天气。本论文为山区复杂下垫面陆气耦合机理、参数化方案研究提供参考。

Mountains, especially high altitude mountains, breed many large rivers in the world and provide water resources for the survival and development of 1.6 billion people on earth. The terrain in mountainous areas is complex and the underlying surface is changeable. The study of land-atmosphere coupling mechanism and parameterization scheme in mountainous areas is crucial to the accurate simulation of regional atmospheric processes. In this paper, the three-dimensional solar radiation method and subgrid dynamic method are introduced into the high-resolution WRF model, and the parameterization scheme of terrain coupling effect is developed. The impact of complex terrain on precipitation processes and components is studied in the Yadong River Valley in high-altitude mountainous areas; In Miyun Reservoir which located in low altitude mountainous areas, a high-resolution WRF model is used to study the land-atmosphere coupling process of water-atmosphere-mountain, revealing the interaction mechanism of lake breeze, valley wind and reservoir climate effect. In the Yadong River Valley, the WRF model terrain solar radiation effect parameterization scheme and terrain dynamic effect parameterization scheme were developed by using the three-dimensional solar radiation effect theory and subgrid dynamic effect method, which improved the accuracy of precipitation simulation in the mountainous areas. The parameterization scheme of terrain solar radiation effect makes the mountain slope receive more radiation and get heated (0.09~0.20 ° C), forming a stronger upslope wind (0.02~0.08 m/s) on the slope, bringing water vapor from the valley to the slope. The water vapor climbs above the slope and forms precipitation, resulting in a decrease in precipitation in the valley (-4.54~-3.34 mm) and an increase in precipitation above the slope (0.59~2.82 mm); The effect of topographic dynamic parameterization scheme strengthens the climbing and lifting effect for air mass. The warm and wet water vapor decreases sharply after more precipitation is formed on the south slope, and the water vapor entering the north slope decreases (-0.51 g/kg), resulting in a decrease of water on the north slope (-5.30 mm). Based on the WRF model simulation results of the coupled topographic thermal and dynamic effect scheme, it is found that the precipitation on the south slope is mainly caused by the dynamic effect, while the precipitation on the north slope is mainly caused by the thermal effect. The precipitation in mountainous areas of the plateau is characterized by active ice particles and high content of ice particles (~10 g/kg). The terrain coupling effect scheme can better describe the development of precipitation and cloud microphysical processes in mountainous areas, including changes in solid and liquid water condensates. In the Miyun Reservoir area, different scenarios of WRF model under typical heat wave weather show that local climate effect of Miyun Reservoir has obvious diurnal variation characteristics due to the superposition and enhancement of lake breeze and valley breeze. At night (20:00-06:00), Miyun Reservoir presents a warm lake effect (~3 ° C), and at daytime (06:00-20:00), Miyun Reservoir presents a cold lake effect (~7 ° C); The simulation shows that the warm lake effect at night intensifies the temperature increase (~1.2 ° C) in the southwest plain area downwind of the reservoir, the higher temperature is close to the surface water vapor transport to the upper level, and the specific humidity near the surface decreases during the day, which promotes the southwest plain area to present a "hotter and drier" climate effect during the day, resulting a hotter heat wave weather. This paper provides a reference for the study of land-atmosphere coupling mechanism and parameterization scheme of complex underlying surface in mountainous areas.