重力坝是目前广泛采用的主要坝型之一，其抗震设计具有举足轻重的作用。中国逐渐承担了越来越多的国际工程建设项目，了解并掌握美国重力坝抗震规范，及其与中国相关规范的异同，对于设计人员，对于中国规范走出国门，都具有重要意义。 堆石混凝土坝是中国原创筑坝技术，发明至今已接近二十年，该技术在工程实践中不断完善与创新，积累了丰富的实际经验，逐步形成了完备的筑坝技术体系。抗震设计是堆石混凝土坝关键设计技术之一。本文基于美国规范，将堆石混凝土坝与常态混凝土坝的抗震设计进行了对比分析，探索了适用于堆石混凝土坝的评价方法。 本文围绕以上问题展开了研究和讨论，主要内容与创新点如下： 1.中美重力坝抗震规范条文对比。从中国和美国陆军工程兵团（United States Army Corps of Engineers，USACE）的相关规范中整理出与重力坝抗震有关的条文，围绕抗震设防标准、标准设计谱、坝体强度计算方法及条件、稳定性分析方法及条件、计算参数的选取和评价指标及准则等方面进行了全面且系统的对比。 2.以位于巴基斯坦的Balakot重力坝为研究对象，建立了坝体剖面的二维有限元模型，坝体材料为常态混凝土，采用时程分析法，分别在中美规范下计算评价了坝体线弹性响应阶段的应力和位移分布、非线性阶段的损伤情况和坝体的抗滑稳定性，比较了中美规范的严格程度。 3.当Balakot重力坝采用堆石混凝土材料时，计算并分析了在美国规范下坝体在线弹性响应阶段的应力和位移分布、非线性阶段的损伤情况和坝体的抗滑稳定性，并与常态混凝土坝的计算结果进行对比。
Gravity dam is one of the most widely used dam types. Seismic design plays an important role in the construction of gravity dams. China has gradually undertaken more international water conservancy projects. It is of great significance for designers to understand and master the differences in seismic criteria between American and Chinese, as well as for Chinese codes to be in line with international standards.Rock-filled concrete dam is the original dam construction technology in China. Since its invention nearly 20 years ago, the technology has been continuously practiced and innovated in the project from zero to one, and gradually formed the rock-filled concrete mass dam construction technology system. Seismic design is one of the key design technologies for rock-filled concrete dams. Therefore, based on the American code, this paper compares the seismic design of rock-filled concrete dams and normal concrete dams, and explores the suitable evaluation method for rock-filled concrete dams.This paper has carried out research and discussion on the above issues. The main contents and innovations are as follows:1. Comparison of seismic codes for gravity dams between China and America. From the relevant codes of China and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the article collates the aseismic provisions related to gravity dams, and makes a comprehensive and systematic comparison from the aspects of aseismic fortification standards, standard design spectrum, calculation methods and conditions of dam body strength, stability analysis methods and conditions, selection of calculation parameters and evaluation indexes and criteria.2. Taking Balakot gravity dam in Pakistan as the research object, a two-dimensional finite element model of the dam body profile is established. The material of dam is normal concrete. The stress and displacement distribution of the dam body in the linear elastic response stage, the damage condition in the nonlinear stage and the anti-sliding stability of the dam body are calculated and evaluated respectively under the Chinese and American norms by adopting the time history analysis method. At last, the strictness of Chinese and American norms is compared.3. When the Balakot gravity dam is made of rock-filled concrete, the stress and displacement distribution of the dam body in the linear elastic response stage, the damage condition in the nonlinear stage and the anti-sliding stability of the dam body are calculated and analyzed, and the calculated results are compared with those of the normal concrete dam.
