随着科技进步，工作中所用仪器和工具日益精进可靠，工作事故中因人为失误导致的占了越来越大的比重，而疲劳又是增加人为失误的重要原因，已有研究关注了疲劳的监测及影响因素，但通过心理因素主动缓解疲劳的研究还较少。本研究旨在探索心理因素对个体疲劳程度的可塑性。本研究通过问卷调查法和追踪实验法等研究方法完成了一项预研究和三个正式研究。研究一使用问卷测量被试的心理脱离及疲劳程度，验证了心理脱离可以有效预测疲劳程度。研究二的预研究通过访谈确定增加心理脱离程度的主动诱导方式，即要求被试进行半小时的运动；研究二采用追踪实验的方法连续在10天内每天采集随机分组被试的心理脱离及疲劳程度，结果显示心理脱离程度具有可塑性，可以通过其对疲劳程度进行动态调节；同时，个体工作类型的不同不影响这一结论。研究三通过问卷测量被试的内、外源性工作动机的强度，结合心理脱离、疲劳程度分析，结果显示被试的内、外源性工作动机强度是心理脱离对疲劳程度影响的调节变量，对动机水平较低的被试，心理脱离对疲劳的影响能力更强；另外外源性工作动机强度也是心理脱离对疲劳程度影响的中介变量，即心理脱离程度能通过影响外源性动机强度对疲劳程度产生影响。理论上，本研究验证了心理脱离对疲劳程度的直接影响，更重要的是证明了心理脱离这一变量具有可变性，而且心理脱离对于个体疲劳方面的行为具有可塑性。本研究还进一步探索了个体工作动机对心理脱离与疲劳程度动态关系产生的影响，以及内、外源性动机所产生影响存在的差别，进一步细化了研究结果。实践上，对心理脱离缓解疲劳作用及适用范围的探索，在政府劳动政策制定、安全生产监管、高质量发展，企业绩效管理、生产活动安全，以及个人工作安全、工作生活平衡、人生价值和幸福感提升等领域都能够发挥作用，具有重要的现实意义。
With the advancement of technology, the instruments and tools used in work are becoming increasingly sophisticated and reliable. The proportion of work accidents caused by human error is increasing, and fatigue is an important reason for increasing human error. Previous studies have focused on monitoring and influencing factors of fatigue, but there is still less research on actively alleviating fatigue through psychological factors. This study aims to explore the plasticity of psychological factors on individual fatigue levels.This study completed a preliminary study and three formal studies using research methods such as questionnaire survey and follow-up experiments. Study 1 used a questionnaire to measure the psychological detachment and fatigue level of participants, verifying that psychological detachment can effectively predict fatigue level. The preliminary study of Study 2 determined through interviews the instruction to actively induce participants to increase their level of psychological disengagement, requiring them to engage in half an hour of exercise; The psychological detachment and fatigue levels of randomly assigned participants were collected daily for the next 10 days, and the results showed that the degree of psychological detachment was malleable and could be dynamically adjusted through it; Meanwhile, the differences in individual job types do not affect this conclusion. Study 3 measured the intensity of participants‘ internal and external work motivation through a questionnaire, combined with analysis of psychological detachment and fatigue level. The results showed that for participants with lower motivation levels, psychological detachment had a stronger impact on fatigue; In addition, the intensity of exogenous motivation can have an impact on the level of fatigue by influencing the degree of psychological detachment.In theory, this study aims to verify the direct impact of psychological detachment on the level of fatigue, the variability of psychological detachment as a variable, and thus achieve intervention in the management of fatigue through dynamic manipulation of psychological detachment. This study also aims to explore whether individual work motivation has an impact on the dynamic relationship between psychological detachment and fatigue, and whether there are differences in the effects of endogenous and exogenous work motivation, further refining the applicability of the research results. In a practical sense, the exploration of the role and scope of application of psychological disengagement in alleviating fatigue has important practical significance in alleviating fatigue and reducing work errors of relevant personnel in government work, enterprise management, job security, driving safety and other fields.
