在中国的生育背景下，产妇的身心健康状况越来越受到社会的广泛关注，尤其是产后容易出现各种心理问题，如产后抑郁、产后焦虑等，不仅危害妈妈本身的身心健康，更会影响到婴儿的早期养育质量，对婴儿的身心发展产生深远影响。而对首次生育的新手妈妈而言，要经历的产后挑战更大，其中一个挑战就是要尽快适应新角色“母亲”，即母亲角色适应。育儿效能感是影响母亲角色适应水平的重要因素，心理韧性作为个体内在的保护性资源，按照资源保存理论，可能在育儿效能感和母亲角色适应之间起中介作用。关注新手妈妈产后的母亲角色适应水平，了解母亲角色适应水平的影响因素，并结合产后特殊的身心状况进行行之有效的干预，是本研究关注的问题。本研究设计了三个研究：研究一通过网络平台招募产后1-6个月的新手妈妈，研究新手妈妈母亲角色适应水平现状、育儿效能感与母亲角色适应水平的关系及心理韧性在育儿效能感和母亲角色适应间的中介作用。研究二结合新手妈妈特殊身心状况，开发设计新手妈妈育儿效能感和母亲角色适应的在线一次单元团体辅导方案；研究三通过量化分析和质性研究相结合的方法考察在线一次单元团体辅导在提升新手妈妈育儿效能感和母亲角色适应水平的效果，以及起效因素。结果发现，新手妈妈的育儿效能感和心理韧性均能正向预测母亲角色适应，且心理韧性在育儿效能感和母亲角色适应之间起部分中介作用；经过基于育儿效能感的在线一次单元团体辅导干预后，实验组相比于对照组在育儿效能感、心理韧性和母亲角色适应上均有显著提升，且追踪测数据仍然高于对照组。结论：育儿效能感和心理韧性可显著影响新手妈妈母亲角色适应；心理韧性在育儿效能感和母亲角色适应之间起到了部分中介的作用；通过育儿效能感的在线一次单元团体辅导，可有效提升新手妈妈育儿效能感，进而提高其母亲角色适应水平。
In China, the physical and mental health of mothers is receiving increasing attention from society. Postpartum psychological problems, such as postpartum depression and anxiety, are particularly concerning. These issues not only harm the well-being of mothers but also have a lasting impact on the early growth and development of infants.Primiparas have to face more significant postnatal challenges, one of which is to adapt to the new role as a "mother" promptly, referred to as maternal role adaptation. While parenting effectiveness is an essential factor contributing to maternal role adaptation, psychological resilience, which is an intrinsic protective resource, could play a mediating role in parenting effectiveness and maternal role adaptation for primiparas based on resource conservation theory.This study concentrated on maternal role adaptation in primiparas to identify the factors that influence maternal role adaptation, as well as to provide effective interventions through the specific postpartum physical and psychological conditions of primiparas. Three studies were conducted in this study. Study 1 used an online platform to recruit first-time mothers who were between 1 and 6 months postpartum. The purpose of this recruitment was to assess the current status of maternal role adaptation and investigate the relationship between parenting effectiveness and maternal role adaptation. Additionally, the study introduced psychological resilience as a mediating variable to explore the relationship between these factors. In study 2, the unique physical and psychological conditions of primiparas were considered in the development and implementation of an online Unit Group Counseling program aimed at enhancing parenting effectiveness and facilitating maternal role adaptation. In study 3, a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative research was applied to examine the effectiveness of online Unit Group Counseling for primiparas in enhancing their parenting effectiveness and maternal role adaptation, and to explore the factors of effectiveness. The results reveal that both parenting self-efficacy and psychological resilience in new mothers positively predict their adaptation to the maternal role. Furthermore, psychological resilience serves as a partial mediator between parenting self-efficacy and maternal role adaptation. Following a single-session online group counseling intervention focused on parenting self-efficacy, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in parenting self-efficacy, psychological resilience, and maternal role adaptation compared to the control group. These improvements were sustained during the follow-up assessments, with data indicating higher levels in the experimental group than in the control group.In conclusion, parenting self-efficacy and psychological resilience have a significant impact on the adaptation of new mothers to their maternal role. Psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and maternal role adaptation. Through a one-time online group counseling session focused on parenting self-efficacy, it is possible to effectively enhance parenting self-efficacy among new mothers, consequently elevating their levels of maternal role adaptation.
