现代社会，焦虑情绪无处不在，高校毕业生就是焦虑的易感人群。对初次就业的毕业生群体来说，就业无疑是最大的焦虑来源。据统计数据显示，全国高校毕业生在2022年预计将达1076万人，创历史新高；留学生回国就业人数于2021年首次破百万，达104.9万人。就业人数不断增加、新冠疫情、国际局势等不可控因素不断叠加，加剧了23届毕业生的就业竞争以及由此带来的心理健康问题。本研究聚焦高校毕业生就业焦虑问题，基于心理资本研究范式，以积极心理资本理论、大学生就业3C模型、缺陷模型为理论依据，将心理资本（事务型、人际型）、可就业能力作为与就业焦虑相关的研究变量，搭建中介调节模型，通过问卷调研、数据统计分析验证模型有效性，得出心理资本（事务性、人际型）对高校毕业生就业焦虑具有负向预测作用；可就业能力在事务型心理资本与就业焦虑之间起到中介调节作用，在人际型心理资本与就业焦虑之间起到完全中介作用。根据结论，本文开发设计了高校毕业生就业焦虑主题的网络团体心理辅导方案，先进行预研究，验证方案可行性和有效性，修订后正式实施。本次网络团体心理辅导累计招募2023届应届高校毕业生80人，其中实验组和对照组各40人，参加为期5次的网络连续团体心理辅导，按前后测、追踪测、个人访谈方式收集数据，最终有效数据40份（实验组、对照组各20份），采用重复测量方差分析与质性研究相结合的方法，进行网络团体的有效性分析。经与对照组比较发现，实验组被试在参加网络团体后，心理资本和可就业能力显著提升，就业焦虑水平显著降低，6个月后追踪测的干预效果具有持续性。质性研究发现，被试在团体心理辅导中主要受4方面因素影响：团体影响、同伴影响、主题练习影响、带领者影响；在以下6方面获得了成长：提升就业能力、培育心理资本、加强自我认知、获得同伴支持、实现压力释放、探索职业认同。针对实验组被试的就业满意度问卷调查结果显示，被试在各维度上的满意度得分均显著高于同届、往届毕业生平均水平，说明团体在就业绩效、满意度方面发挥了积极作用。提升高校毕业生心理资本和可就业能力，缓解毕业生就业焦虑水平，实现成功就业，既符合国家政策导向，也满足社会各界、高校及毕业生群体的紧迫需求。采用网络团体心理辅导的方式来服务高校毕业生群体，是特殊时期的最佳选择，也是数字化时代高校就业指导工作多元化发展的方向。
Anxiety is everywhere in the modern society. College students are susceptible to anxiety. When looking for a job for the first time, employment is undoubtedly the biggest source of anxiety of the college students.According to the statistics, the number of college graduates in 2022 is expected to reach 10.76 million, setting a new record. Besides, the number of overseas students coming back for employment exceeded 1 million for the first time in 2021, reaching 1.049 million. The increasing number of students, together with the changing environment, the spread of the pandemic and other uncontrollable factors, have brought many negative impacts on the employment status of college students and their mental health.This study focuses on the employment anxiety of college graduates. Based on the psychological capital research paradigm, this paper attempts to explore the relationship among college graduates‘ employment anxiety, psychological capital (task-oriented, guanxi-oriented) and employability. The mediation and regulation model of the relationship between the three variables was built, and the validity of the model was verified by questionnaire survey and data analysis. The results indicated that both task-oriented psychological capital and guanxi-oriented psychological capital can negatively predict college graduates‘ employment anxiety. Employability plays a mediating and moderating role between task-oriented psychological capital and employment anxiety, and a complete mediating role in the relationship between guanxi-oriented psychological capital and employment anxiety. According to the above conclusion, this paper designed an online group counseling program aimed at alleviating the employment anxiety of college graduates, which took the improvement of college graduates‘ psychological capital and employability as a breakthrough. We conducted a pre-study at the first place, followed by t test to preliminarily verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme, and finally implemented it. A total of 80 college graduates were recruited, including 40 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group, to participate in the consecutive online group sessions for 5 times. Data were collected by means of pre-test, post-test, follow-up test and personal interview, and 40 pieces of effective data were finally collected (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). Repeated measurement variance analysis and qualitative research methods were used to analyze the effectiveness of this scheme. Compared with the control group, the experimental group‘s psychological capital and employability were significantly improved, and the level of employment anxiety was significantly reduced. Follow-up tests after six months showed that the effect was sustainable. The qualitative study found that the subjects were mainly affected by the following four factors: group influence, peer influence, theme practice influence and leader influence. They gained growth in the following six aspects: enhancing employability, cultivating psychological capital, strengthening self-cognition, obtaining peer support, achieving stress release, and exploring professional identity. The results of the job satisfaction survey showed that participants who engaged in online group counseling had higher satisfaction scores in various dimensions compared to the average level of their peers or previous graduates. This suggests that the online group counseling program has a positive impact on job performance and job satisfaction.Relieve the employment anxiety of college graduates, improvement of their psychological capital and employability, not only in line with the national policy guidance of "strengthening the construction of social psychological service system", "stabilizing employment and promoting people‘s livelihood", and "strengthening employment services", but also meet the urgent needs of society, enterprises and institutions, universities and college students at all levels. It is the best choice to intervene the employment anxiety of college graduates through online group counseling in this special period. This is also the direction of employment guidance in colleges and universities in the digital era.
