目的：“加强青少年体育锻炼，促进青少年身心健康发展”不仅是习近平总书记关于青少年健康与体育工作开展的重要指示，更被写入2022年新修订的《中华人民共和国体育法》“青少年和学校体育”专章。本研究以计划行为理论为理论依循，选取我国北京、乌鲁木齐两地青少年身体活动与身体素质为调研对象，通过对两地青少年身体活动行为、身体素质状况以及相关影响因素的实证分析，检验计划行为理论对我国青少年身体活动和身体素质的关联和预测效应，对比计划行为理论是否对我国不同地区、性别、城乡青少年的身体活动和身体素质影响存在差异，为有效制定青少年锻炼干预措施提供依据参考。方法：通过多种研究方法，包括文献资料分析、问卷调查和数学建模，对在北京和乌鲁木齐的城镇和农村地区的2238名青少年开展调查，并利用Excel 2019、SPSS 27.0、AMOS 26.0等多种软件来完成数据的处理。结果：1.计划行为理论结构能够解释80%以上的身体活动意图差异，但对于北京和乌鲁木齐地区不同性别、居住在城市和乡村的青少年仅解释了5%和3%的身体活动行为和身体素质差异。2.生活在北京以及两地农村的青少年身体活动与身体素质水平之间的相关关系更为显著，但结构通径系数与性别无关。3.与农村青少年相比，两地城市青少年的知觉行为控制对身体活动行为具有较强的直接预测作用，两地城市和农村青少年的身体活动与身体素质之间的关系相反。结论：1.计划行为理论模型在测量等效性和一般适合性方面适用于两地青少年身体活动和身体素质的预测，对于身体活动意向的预测比行为更好，未来干预可以针对将身体活动意向转化为行为。2.计划行为理论对两地青少年身体活动和身体素质的预测无显著的性别差异。3.计划行为理论对两地农村地区的青少年身体活动行为和身体素质预测能力最佳，表明该理论对两地农村地区更合适。
Purpose: To strengthen physical exercise and promote the healthy development of adolescent body and mind.It is not only an important directive on youth health and sports development of General Secretary Xi JinpingGeneral Secretary Xi Jinping‘s directive on youth health and sports development, which has been included in the newly revised Sports Law of the People‘s Republic of China in 2022 and is based on the theory of Youth and School Sports, is of great importance. planned behavior, this study selected physical activity and physical fitness of adolescents in Beijing and Urumqi as research objects, and tested the correlation and predictive effect of planned behavior theory on physical activity and physical fitness of adolescents in Beijing and Urumqi through empirical analysis of physical activity behavior, physical fitness status and related influencing factors.To gain insight into the successful implementation of adolescent exercise intervention measures, a comparison of the planned behavior theory to the physical activity and physical quality of adolescents from different regions, genders, and urban and rural areas is necessary. Methods: In this study, literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and other research methods were adopted to investigate 2238 adolescents in urban and rural areas of Beijing and Urumqi. Data processing was mainly conducted using Excel 2019, SPSS 27.0, AMO S26.0 and other software. Results: 1.Theoretical structure of planned behavior could account for more than 80% of the disparities in the intention of physical activity, yet only 5% and 3% of the disparities in physical activity behavior and physical fitness among adolescents of varying genders in Beijing and Urumqi, both urban and rural areas. 2.The correlation between physical activity and physical fitness of adolescents living in Beijing and rural areas was more significant, but the structural path coefficient was not related to gender. 3.Compared with rural adolescents, perceived behavioral control of urban adolescents in the two places has a stronger direct predictive effect on physical activity behavior, and the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness of urban and rural adolescents is opposite. Conclusions: 1.The model of planned behavior theory is suitable for predicting physical activity and physical fitness of adolescents in both places in terms of measuring equivalence and general fitness. The prediction of physical activity intention is better than behavior, and future intervention can be aimed at transforming physical activity intention into behavior. 2.There is no significant gender difference in the prediction of physical activity and physical fitness of adolescents from planned behavior theory. 3.The prediction ability of physical activity behavior and physical fitness of adolescents in rural areas of the two places is the best for planned behavior theory, indicating that this theory is more suitable for rural areas of the two places.
