本文选择16世纪基督宗教宗教改革家马丁?路德神学视域下的“婚姻家庭观”进行研究。首先从宗教学视角，阐述了世俗性与神圣性这对基本概念与路德神学中“两个国度”理论的内在关系。路德的核心观点，在处理婚姻问题时，应把“属世事务”与“属灵事务”区分开来：只有与结婚有关的良心问题才是属灵的，受教堂指引；而婚姻的具体事务，理应交给国家民法的具体机构去管理。但属灵和属世只是表现为婚姻的管理者性质不同，两者在上帝的道中又是统一的。围绕婚姻的世俗性，从三方面展开。首先，路德批判了“教士独身论”，认为，上帝创世秩序是人类婚姻的源头，婚姻理应是人类的一项普世权利。其次，批判了“婚姻圣礼论”，婚姻与个人拯救之间没有直接联系，和其他的世俗事务无本质不同。路德反对天主教会对“不许离婚”的滥用，而教会“允许离婚”的情况应仅限于淫乱。再次，婚姻的天职源自上帝“女人生育，男人劳作”的惩戒指令，由此决定了婚姻的自然功能（性与生育）和社会功能（经济与教育）。围绕婚姻的神圣性，也从三方面展开。第一，依据创世叙事，上帝奠基和见证了婚姻盟约，构成婚姻神圣性的起源。第二，婚姻之爱应以“圣爱”为前提，在婚姻之爱中，妻子应顺服丈夫，丈夫应用温柔和慈爱对待妻子。夫妻双方齐心祷告，依靠上帝的力量战胜生活中的挑战。第三，在婚约履约的实际过程中，属灵的操练是必不可少的，其最核心的基础就是“因信称义”，并主张借助上帝的力量战胜离婚的错误想法。面对当今社会婚姻家庭的诸多挑战，路德的婚姻观依然有一定的现实指导意义。现代人仍应高度重视婚姻在生活中不可替代的价值，在经营婚姻家庭的实践中需要持久的包容和耐心的陪伴，某种永恒性的信仰对婚姻具有极大的支持力量，爱情是婚姻的基础，而伦理和责任却是婚姻坚固的保证。
This paper chooses Martin Luther, a Christian religious reformer in the 16th century, as the research subject to study the concept of marriage and family from the perspective of theology. First of all, from the perspective of religious studies, this paper expounds the internal relationship between the basic concepts of secularity and sacredness and the "two kingdoms" theory in Lutheran theology. Luther‘s core viewpoint is that when dealing with marriage issues, one should distinguish between "worldly affairs" and "spiritual affairs". Only conscience issues related to marriage are spiritual and guided by the church. The specific affairs of marriage should be entrusted to the specific institutions of the national civil law for management. But spirituality and earthliness are only manifested as different natures of marriage managers, and the two are unified in the Word of God.Focusing on the secularity of engagement, we will explore it from three aspects. Firstly, Luther criticized the "celibacy of priests" and believed that the order of God‘s creation was the source of human marriage, and marriage should be a universal right of humanity. Secondly, he criticized the "sacrament of marriage" theory, which stated that there was no direct connection between marriage and personal salvation, and it was not fundamentally different from other secular affairs. Luther opposed the Catholic Church‘s abuse of "no divorce", and the situation where the Church "allows divorce" should be limited to promiscuity. Once again, the duty of marriage stems from God‘s disciplinary command of "women giving birth, men working", which determines the natural functions (sexual and reproductive) and social functions (economic and educational) of marriage.The sacredness of engagement is also discussed from three aspects. Firstly, according to the creation narrative, God laid the foundation and witnessed the marriage covenant, forming the origin of the sanctity of the marriage covenant. Secondly, the love of marriage should be based on the premise of "sacred love". In the love of marriage, the wife should submit to the husband, and the husband should treat the wife gently and lovingly. Both spouses pray together and rely on God‘s power to overcome challenges in life. Third, in the actual process of fulfilling the marriage contract, spiritual practice is essential. Its core foundation is "Sola fide", and it advocates using God‘s power to overcome the wrong idea of divorce.Faced with the many challenges of marriage and family in today‘s society, Luther‘s view on marriage still has certain practical guiding significance. Modern people should still attach great importance to the irreplaceable value of marriage in life. In the practice of managing marriage and family, enduring tolerance and patient companionship are required. A certain eternal belief has great support for marriage. Love is the foundation of marriage, while ethics and responsibility are the guarantees of its solidity.
