战时日本的医学犯罪，主要是指七三一部队、一六四四部队和陆军军医学校等日本军事医学机构，陆军医院、野战医院和兵站医院等陆军附设医院，九州大学和“满洲”医科大学等高等教育机构，于1933—1945年间，秘密实施生化感染、冻伤实验、活体解剖等非法的人体实验以及生物战，受害者有中国人、苏联人、美国人和朝鲜人等，这是人类文明史上骇人听闻的战争犯罪和反人道犯罪，也是世界历史上极为黑暗的一页。 本文在前人研究的基础上，在日本医学犯罪的证据链梳理，揭示医学犯罪的反人道特征以及战后追责方面有所突破。 首先，收集和解读战时日本医学犯罪相关证据，还原战时日本医学犯罪的历史。此前学界对战时日本医学犯罪证据的梳理，尚未形成逻辑严密的、完整准确的证据链条，对相关史料亦缺乏系统分析和全面解读。本文利用人体实验报告、战后审判记录、口述史料和战争遗址相关资料，系统考察日本医学犯罪的准备、实施、危害、主体及其责任，分析医学犯罪发生的原因、经过及其影响，剖析战时日本医学犯罪的组织化、极端化和“精英化”特征。 其次，揭示战时日本医学犯罪的隐秘过程、军事目的和本质特征。在新史料挖掘和新观点阐发方面，利用横滨审判庭审记录、七三一部队遗址考古资料和受害者诉讼文书等，探讨了九州大学的医学犯罪，七三一部队的战时特征，人体实验和生物战的严重危害，弥补了学界此前在该领域研究的不足。重新解读了七三一部队的生物实验报告、冻伤实验报告、毒气实验报告，以及驻蒙军冬季研究班的人体实验报告，考察犯罪主体和受害群体的总体状况，揭示人体实验的隐秘过程和军事目的，反人道和反伦理的本质特征。 最后，考察战时日本人体实验和生物战的战争罪责。挖掘横滨审判和伯力审判在日本医学犯罪追责方面的独特价值，借鉴纽伦堡医学审判对“战争罪和反人道罪”的界定，探究人体实验和生物战的犯罪本质，判定策划者、组织者、参与者的战争罪责，指出战后审判的历史贡献、时代局限和当代价值。
Japanese wartime medical crimes, mainly refers to secretly conducting illegal human experiments——biological infection, frostbite experiment, vivisection and launching biological warfare during 1933—1945 by Japanese military medical institutions, for instance, Unit 731, Unit 1644 and Army Medical School, army affiliated hospitals, such as army hospitals, field hospitals, and station hospitals, as well as higher education institutes, for example, Kyushu University and Manchurian Medical University. The victims included Chinese, Russians, Americans and Koreans, representing appalling war crimes and crimes against humanity in the history of human civilization, also one of the darkest pages in the world history.On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a breakthrough in sorting out the evidence chain of Japanese medical crimes, revealing the anti-humanity characteristics of medical crimes and the post-war accountability. First of all, collect and interpret relevant evidence concerning Japanese wartime medical crimes to restore the history. Although the academic community has combed the evidence of Japanese wartime medical crimes, it has not succeeded in forming a logical, complete and accurate chain of evidence, meanwhile there is a lack of systematic analysis and comprehensive interpretation of relevant historical materials. By making use of human experiment reports, post-war trial records, oral historical materials and relevant data of heritage site of war, this paper systematically investigates the preparation, implementation, hazards, subjects and relevant responsibilities of Japanese medical crimes, analyzes the cause, process and influences of medical crimes, at the same time makes an analysis of the organizational, extreme and "elitist" characteristics of Japanese wartime medical crimes.Secondly, it reveals the secret process, military purpose and essential characteristics of Japanese wartime medical crimes. In terms of the excavation of newlyfound historical materials and the interpretation of new viewpoints, utilizing the records of Yokohama Trials, the archaeological materials of the heritage site of Unit 731, and the litigation documents of the victims, etc., the paper discusses the medical crimes of Kyushu University, the wartime characteristics of Unit 731, and the serious hazards of human experiments and biological warfare, which makes up for the shortcomings of the previous research in this field. Simultaneously, by reinterpreting the biological experiment report, frostbite experiment report, the vivisection report of Unit 731 as well as the human experiment report conducted by frostbite laboratory stationed in Mongolia, the paper investigates the overall situation of criminal subjects and victim groups to reveal the hidden process and military purpose of human experiments, and essential characteristics which was against humanity and human ethics. Last but not least, the paper examines the war responsibility of human experiments and biological warfare conducted by Japaneseduring wartime. By exploring the unique value of Yokohama Trials and Khabarovsk Trials in the accountability of Japanese medical crimes, and drawing on the definition of "war crimes and crimes against humanity" in Nuremberg Medical Trials, it explores the criminal nature of human experiments and biological warfare, judges the war responsibility of planners, organizers and participants, and points out the historical contribution, limitations of the times and contemporary value of post-war trials.
