泵喷相较于传统螺旋桨具有噪声低、推力大、效率高的特点，广泛应用于水下舰艇、无人水下航行器和水下救援设备等。由于其本身结构的复杂性和较强的国防应用背景，泵喷的设计理论和性能优化资料较少，我国泵喷的设计理论研究相较于国际先进水平还有不足。因此，本文的主要工作为针对高推力效率泵喷设计理论和优化方法开展研究。本文首先对泵喷的选型和水力设计进行理论推导，将泵喷的航行参数转化为泵喷的水力参数，提出了一种基于重心积叠线控制的设计方法，并基于MATLAB-GUI平台实现泵喷转子的自动设计和建模。通过数值模拟得到泵喷的推力性能和水力性能，并研究各个参数对性能的影响规律，在此基础上进一步开展性能优化。为验证设计理论和数值模拟结果的准确性，本文设计并搭建了泵喷水力特性试验平台，通过计算机系统同步采集多通道参数信号，设计了完整的泵喷水力特性试验方案。对试验台整体的不确定度进行分析，其效率综合测试误差≤0.496%，保证了试验台的稳定性和试验测量的准确性。本文对泵喷进行了优化设计研究，选取了攻角、弦长、拱度角等三个翼型设计参数和zs、a、c等三个重心积叠线控制参数，研究了每个因素对于泵喷推力系数、扭矩系数、推力效率、扬程和水力效率的影响。随后选择影响较大的攻角、弦长、拱度角以及叶片数四个因素，建立四因素三水平正交表。以推力系数和推力效率为优化目标，完成泵喷的正交优化。相较于原型泵喷，优化泵喷推力系数和推力效率在不同航速工况下均有提高，最大推力效率从68.85%提升到了76.08%，提高了7.23%。最后，本文推导了泵喷的推力效率计算公式，建立了泵喷的推力效率的理论预测模型，实现泵喷推力效率的快速预测。考虑泵喷内部和外部水力损失，建立了泵喷水力性能的理论预测模型，基于试验测量结果验证了理论预测模型的准确性和可靠性。

Compared with traditional propellers, pump jet has the characteristics of low noise, large thrust, and high efficiency, and is widely used in underwater ships, unmanned underwater vehicles, and underwater rescue equipment. Due to the complexity of structure and strong military application background, there are few publicly available information on the design theory and performance analysis of the pump jet. Compared to the international advanced level, the research on the design theory of the pump jet in China is still insufficient. Therefore, the main work of this article is to conduct research on the design theory and optimization of high thrust efficiency pump jets.Firstly, this paper deduces the selection and hydraulic design theory of the pump jet, converts the navigation parameters of the pump jet into the hydraulic parameters of the pump jet, completes the selection and design of the airfoil, and the design of the center of gravity stack line. A parameter definition equation of the center of gravity stack line is proposed, and the automatic design and modeling of the pump jet rotor platform is built based on the MATLAB GUI. Through numerical simulation, the thrust performance and hydraulic performance of the pump jet are studied, and then the impact of various parameters on pump jet performance is studied to optimize the design.In order to verify the accuracy of the design theory and numerical simulation results, a pump jet test rig is designed and built autonomously. By synchronously collecting multi-channel parameter signals through a computer system, a complete pump spray hydraulic characteristic test plan is designed. The overall uncertainty of the test is analyzed, and the comprehensive testing error of its efficiency is ≤ 0.496%, which verifies the stability of the test rig and the accuracy of experimental measurements.In this paper, the optimization design of the pump jet is mainly studied. Three airfoil design parameters, including angle of attack, chord length, and camber angle, and three center of gravity stacked line control parameters, including zs, a, and c, are selected. The effects of each factor on the pump jet thrust coefficient, torque coefficient, thrust efficiency, lift, and hydraulic efficiency are studied. Subsequently, four factors including the angle of attack, chord length, camber angle, and blade number, that have a significant impact on pump jet thrust efficiency are selected to establish a four-factor three-level orthogonal table. Aimed at improving thrust coefficient and thrust efficiency orthogonal optimization of the pump jet are completed. Finally, compared to the prototype pump jet thrust coefficient and thrust efficiency, the optimized pump injection thrust coefficient and thrust efficiency are significantly improved at various speed conditions, with a thrust efficiency increasing of 7.23%, meeting the design requirements for high thrust efficiency.Finally, based on the pump jet design theory of the lift method, this paper derives the calculation formulas for the thrust efficiency of the pump jet, and establishes a linear relationship between the thrust coefficient and torque coefficient of the pump jet based on the simplified model to achieve the prediction of the pump jet thrust efficiency. Based on the hydraulic loss model of a vane pump, six types of internal hydraulic losses and two types of external hydraulic losses are introduced, and the Vissnel formula is selected to calculate the theoretical head. A prediction model for the pump jet‘s hydraulic performance is established, and the accuracy of the prediction model is verified through experiments.