动态雕塑作为 20 世纪上半叶雕塑突破传统而诞生的艺术形式，至今已走过一百多年的发展历程。在历史进程中，动态雕塑经历了繁荣、沉寂、复兴等变动时期。20 世纪 90 年代以来，随着科技的发展、新材料的出现、对公众参与性的关注等，动态雕塑呈现出多元化的艺术形态并活跃于当代艺术界。本研究以 20 世纪 30 年代以来的动态雕塑作为研究对象，梳理动态雕塑的缘起、发展、兴盛、沉寂等过程，通过以雕塑本体语言和动态雕塑艺术本体为两条线索，对动态雕塑做出系统的分析和研究。 首先，以回归艺术史的研究视角，从西方雕塑史中雕塑与对“运动”的审美追求和表达为切入点，结合“视知觉”理论，分析在雕塑中表现“实际物理运动”的合理性和必要性。进一步通过社会语境、艺术语境、理论基础三个方面分析动态雕塑产生的历史语境。其中，通过回溯到西方现代艺术史中对动态雕塑的概念意涵进行辨析。以历史发展脉络为主，通过“史前史”、“探索期”、“形成与发展期”、 “兴盛、沉寂与复兴”等四个历史阶段进行系统的梳理和分析，从整体上构建一个关于动态雕塑的发展史缩影。 其次，以雕塑本体论为出发点，围绕与动态雕塑紧密相关的“空间”、“时 间”、“剧场化”三个维度展开论述。在空间层面，动态雕塑的出现打破传统的静态空间，走向“活动的空间”和“移动的空间”，从“对空间的占据”走向“对空间的使用”。在时间方面，时间的融入使动态雕塑突破传统雕塑对物理体量的关注，成为一种关乎时间的艺术。动态雕塑为观者提供了“拓展的时间”和“体验的时间”两种感知维度。此外，时间的引入为动态雕塑更好的展开叙事提供了基石。在“剧场化”层面，随着 20 世纪 60 年代极少主义的出现和影响，动态雕塑在作品与场地、空间、时间、观众的参与等方面呈现出与极少主义相同的审美诉求。 再次，立足于动态雕塑艺术本体立场，从动态雕塑内部包含的艺术属性的不同维度进行分析和论述，主要包括类型、特征、媒介、美学理念、审美追求及价值等，构建关于动态雕塑的具体性认知。最后，分析和探讨动态雕塑的外延，主要从景观设计、建筑设计、可穿戴服装设计、首饰设计等四个领域展开，从不同维度论述和阐述动态雕塑对当代设计领域的影响。关键词：动态雕塑；活动雕塑；动态元素；互动感知

Kinetic sculpture, as an artistic form that broke through the tradition in the first half of the 20th century, has gone through more than 100 years of development. In the historical process, kinetic sculpture has experienced periods of prosperity, silence, revival, and other changes. Since the 1990s, with the development of science and technology, the emergence of new materials, and the attention paid to public participation, kinetic sculpture has taken on a diverse artistic form and is active in the contemporary art world. This study takes kinetic sculpture since the 1930s as the research object, combs the origin, development, prosperity, and silence of kinetic sculpture, and makes a systematic analysis and research on kinetic sculpture through the two clues of sculpture ontology language and kinetic sculpture art ontology.Firstly, from the perspective of returning to the history of art, starting from the aesthetic pursuit and expression of "movement" in the history of Western sculpture, and combining the theory of "visual perception", this paper analyzes the rationality and necessity of expressing "actual physical movement" in sculpture. Further analyze the historical context of kinetic sculpture from three aspects: social context, artistic context, and theoretical basis. Through tracing back to the history of modern Western art, the conceptual meaning of kinetic sculpture is analyzed. Focusing on the context of historical development, this paper systematically sorts out and analyzes four major historical stages, including "prehistory", "exploration period", "formation and development period", and "prosperity, silence, and revival", to construct a microcosm of the development history of kinetic sculpture as a whole.Secondly, starting from the ontology of sculpture, this article discusses the three dimensions closely related to kinetic sculpture: "space", "time", and "theatricality". At the spatial level, the emergence of kinetic sculpture has broken the traditional static space, moving towards "active space" and "moving space", moving from "occupying space" to "using space". In terms of time, the integration of time has enabled kinetic sculpture to break through the traditional focus on physical volume in sculpture and become an art related to time. Kinetic sculpture provides viewers with two perceptual dimensions: "expanded time" and "experienced time". In addition, the introduction of time provides a cornerstone for better narrative development of kinetic sculpture. At the "theatrical" level, with the emergence and influence of minimalism in the 1960s, kinetic sculpture presents the same aesthetic appeal as minimalism in terms of work and venue, space, time, and audience participation.Thirdly, based on the ontological position of kinetic sculpture art, this paper analyzes and discusses the different dimensions of artistic attributes contained within kinetic sculpture, mainly including types, characteristics, media, aesthetic concepts, aesthetic pursuits, and values, to construct a concrete understanding of kinetic sculpture. Finally, the extension of kinetic sculpture is analyzed and discussed, mainly from four fields: landscape design, architectural design, wearable clothing design, and jewelry design. The impact of kinetic sculpture on contemporary design is discussed and elaborated from different dimensions.Key words: Kinetic sculpture; Mobile sculpture; Dynamic elements; Interactive perception