2008年全球金融危机爆发后，平台经济这一新兴经济形式，因能顺应资本增殖的需要而实现高速发展，并迅速在全球范围内扩张，成为众多国家经济的新转向。虽然极大地推动了社会生产力发展、提高了经济运转效率，但平台经济也催生出一系列新问题和新矛盾，引发学界广泛关注和讨论。既有研究多集中于对平台经济的批判性分析，缺乏对平台经济运行规律的认识和以社会制度差异为视角的比较研究。针对上述问题，值得从以下两个方面深入研究：一是以数据要素的价值形态演进过程为切入点，从社会生产总过程的各个环节考察平台经济带来的变革，剖析平台经济所伴生的一系列矛盾之根源；二是深入探究社会主义市场经济下平台经济的运行情况，总结其相较资本主义制度下平台经济的共性和特性。作为平台经济的“引擎”，数字平台依托数据要素形成了规模庞大的、有组织、有计划的多边市场，畅通了资本循环的各个环节。但是在这种模式下，生产环节剥削的强度和隐蔽性也因数字技术的应用而增加，剩余价值分配格局也因平台经济的市场支配地位而重塑，导致资本愈发集中于少数平台巨头。与此同时，平台经济在发展过程中也酝酿着多重矛盾，包括强化平台企业与劳动者对立、增加政府监管难度和挤压其他经济组织形式发展空间等。中国目前正在构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。在平台经济先行发展，政府监管相对滞后的背景下，中国平台经济和资本主义平台经济在发展路径和矛盾关系等方面具有较强共性。然而，基于社会主义制度优越性，中国在抑制平台经济的资本逻辑、解决其伴生矛盾等方面具有潜在优势。此外，平台模式和数据要素的内生特性都与社会主义制度更加契合，中国实行数据公有制更具理论可能性和实践可行性。以下两个方面是本研究的创新点：一是以矛盾观为视角，从生产的总过程把握平台经济的发展脉络和运行规律，分析平台经济的双重效应，总结平台经济的资本积累模式及蕴于其中的矛盾；二是以数字技术、平台资本和数据所有权等关键问题为切入点，探讨社会主义市场经济下平台经济发展的特殊性。

After the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008, the platform economy, an emerging economic form, achieved rapid development due to its ability to meet the needs of capital proliferation and rapidly expanded globally, becoming a new direction for many countries’ economies. Although it has greatly promoted the development of social productivity and improved the efficiency of economic operation, the platform economy has also given rise to a series of new problems and contradictions, triggering widespread attention and discussion in the academic community. Existing research mostly focuses on critical analysis of the platform economy, lacking understanding of the operational laws of the platform economy and comparative research from the perspective of social systems. In response to the above issues, it is worth conducting in-depth research from the following two aspects: firstly, starting from the evolution process of the value form of data elements, examining the changes brought about by the platform economy from various aspects of the overall social production process, and analyzing the root causes of a series of contradictions accompanying the platform economy; the second is to deeply explore the operation of the platform economy under the socialist market economy, and summarize its commonalities and characteristics compared to the platform economy under the capitalist system.As the “engine” of the platform economy, digital platforms rely on data elements to form a large-scale, organized, and planned multilateral market, unblocking all aspects of the capital cycle. However, in this mode, the intensity and concealment of exploitation in the production process are also strengthened due to the application of digital technology, and the distribution pattern of surplus value is also reshaped due to the market dominance of the platform economy, leading to the increasingly serious situation of platform oligopoly capital. At the same time, multiple contradictions have emerged in the development process of the platform economy, including strengthening the opposition between platform enterprises and workers, increasing the difficulty of government regulation, and squeezing the development space of other forms of economic organizations. China is currently building a high-level socialist market economy system, encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of non-public economy, and fully leveraging the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. Against the backdrop of relatively lagging government regulation, China’s platform economy and capitalist platform economy have strong commonalities in terms of development paths and contradictory relationships. However, based on the superiority of the socialist system, China has potential advantages in suppressing the capital logic of the platform economy and resolving its accompanying contradictions. In addition, the platform mode and data elements are more in line with the socialist system due to their endogenous characteristics, making China’s implementation of data public ownership more theoretically and practically feasible.Therefore, the following two aspects can serve as research innovation points: firstly, using the Marxist concept of contradiction as a method, from the perspective of the overall process of social production, sorting out and summarizing the development context and operational rules of the platform economy, and analyzing the dual effects of the platform economy, thereby pointing out the accumulation mode and accompanying contradictions of platform capital; the second is to explore the particularity of platform economy development under the socialist market economy, starting from key elements such as digital technology, platform capital, and data ownership.