在当今全球一体化发展的背景下，科技成果转化作为科技和经济相结合的重要形式，是促进科技创新与经济发展紧密结合的关键环节。电力行业属于国家垄断行业，影响百姓的日常生活和社会稳定，是国民经济的基础产业。电力行业虽然实现了科技创新成果的快速产出和专利保护，但有效转让率和产业化水平还不容乐观，而且目前国内关于电力行业的科技成果转化研究也相对偏少。因此，本文从新型研发机构这一视角出发，重点开展电力行业特征分析、新型研发机构案例分析和成果转化影响因素和模式分析三项工作，探究新型研发机构在电力行业科技成果转化中发挥的作用，总结适用模式和选择方法，以有力促进电力行业科技创新和产业发展。本文以A研究院为例，对其在电力行业科技成果转化中的重点工作和主要成效进行实例分析，总结其转化方式主要是“普通许可”和“公司孵化”两种模式，并凝练阐述“政策、供给、需求、中介”四个因素对两种转化模式的影响和作用，以总结科技成果转化的适用模式和选择方法，为电力行业科技成果转化模式的选择提供支撑。在此基础上，通过问卷调查法，统计政府部门、科研机构、电力企业、中介/平台机构、投资机构不同主体对四个因素在科技成果转化模式选择中的侧重并计算影响权重，对成效评价的一级指标权重进行调研，并采用层次分析法和专家打分法，对A研究院科技成果转化项目的实施成效进行评价。研究结果显示：第一，电力行业具有投资主体单一、创新体系独特、行业综合壁垒高、技术应用存在局限性等特点，加大了科技成果转化难度；第二，电力行业的科技成果转化适用模式主要以“普通许可”为主、“公司孵化”为辅，“普通许可”不改变创新成果权属，是一种普遍模式，具备“能够自主产业化”、“更深市场化前景”、“投资意向明确”等特点的项目，可以重点考虑采用“公司孵化”模式，两种模式均具有一定代表性，同时具有较好的推广价值；第三，政策因素是影响科技成果转化的首要因素；供给因素是影响科技成果转化的基础因素；需求因素是影响科技成果转化的前提因素；中介因素是影响科技成果转化的服务因素。最后，基于研究结论，本文从政府、高校院所、电力企业、中介机构四个层面，提出了相关研究建议。
In the context of global integration, technology achievement commercialization, as an important form of combining technology and economics, is a key link between promoting the integration of technological innovation and economic development. The power industry belongs to a national monopoly industry that affects people‘s daily life and social stability, and it is a fundamental industry of the national economy. Although the power industry has achieved rapid output of technological innovation results and patent protection, the effective transfer rate and industrialization level are not optimistic, and the research on technology achievement commercialization in the power industry is relatively scarce in China. Therefore, this thesis starts from the perspective of new R&D institutions, focusing on three tasks: analysis of the characteristics of the power industry, case analysis of new R&D institutions, and analysis of the influencing factors and mode of achievement commercialization, exploring the role of new R&D institutions in the technology achievement commercialization of the power industry, summarizing applicable modes and selection methods, and effectively promoting technological innovation and industrial development in the power industry.Taking the A Research Institute as an example, this article conducts a case analysis of its key work and main achievements in the technology commercialization of the power industry. It summarizes that its conversion modes mainly include "general license" and "company incubation", and elaborates on the impact and role of the four factors of "policy, supply, demand, and intermediary" on the two conversion modes. Moreover, it provides support for the selection of technology commercialization models in the power industry from the perspective of empirical research. Based on this, a questionnaire survey was conducted to study the influence of the four factors on the selection of commercialization models among different entities, including government departments, research institutions, power enterprises, intermediary/platform institutions, and investment institutions. The weight of primary indicators for project performance evaluation was also investigated. Finally, the case implementation effectiveness was qualitatively evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert scoring methods. The research results show that: first, the power industry has characteristics such as a single investment subject, unique innovation system, high overall industry barriers, and limitations in technology application, which increase the difficulty of technology commercialization; second, the applicable models for technology commercialization in the power industry are mainly based on "general license" and supplemented by "company incubation". "General license" does not change the ownership of innovation results and is the most common model. Projects that have the characteristics of "being able to achieve independent industrialization", "having deeper market prospects", and "having clear investment intentions" can consider using the "company incubation" model. Both models have certain representativeness and good promotion value; third, policy factors are the primary factor affecting technology commercialization. Supply factors are the basic factors affecting technology commercialization. Demand factors are the prerequisite factors affecting technology commercialization. Intermediary factors are the service factors affecting technology commercialization. Finally, based on the research conclusions, this thesis proposes relevant suggestions from the perspectives of government, universities and research institutes, power enterprises, and intermediary organizations.
